The Chemical Context of Life Definitions Matter Definitions

The Chemical Context of Life

Definitions Matter

Definitions Elements Essential Trace CHNOPS

Definitions Molecule or Compound? ? Oxygen Na. Cl or Water?

Atom Structure Protons Neutrons Electrons

Periodic Table Atomic number Mass number Atomic weight

Isotopes

Radioactive Isotopes Radiometric Dating Tracers

Chernobyl April 26 1986 extensive parts of the western Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Northern Europe, and eastern North America Nearly thirty to forty times more fallout was released than had been by the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Direct Deaths: 56

Three Mile Island March 28 1979 partial core meltdown in Unit 2 of the nuclear power plant release of a significant amount of radioactivity, an estimated 43, 000 curies of radioactive krypton (1. 59 PBq), but under 20 curies (740 GBq) of the particularly hazardous iodine-131, to the environment. no deaths or injuries

Hershey

Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant March 11, 2011 Triggered by 8. 9 earthquake Evacuation of 6 mile area at first U. S urged 50 mile area

Microwaves

Energy Levels

Electron Shells & Orbitals

Bonding Covalent Bonding Nonpolar Polar Ionic Bonding Hydrogen Bonding Van der Waals Interactions Hydrophobic Interactions

Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

Polar Covalent Bond

Polar Covalent Bonds

Ionic Bonds Cation Anion

Hydrogen Bonds

Van der Waals The weak bonds that exist between molecules but are masked by other stronger bonds. They are evident only in symmetrical molecules or at very low temperatures.

Hydrophobic Interactions

Water

Water Structure Polar Covalent Bonds Hydrogen Bonds

Water Properties Adhesion Cohesion Surface Tension

Water Properties Surface Tension – Basilisk (Jesus) Lizard

Water Properties

Water Properties High Specific Heat

Water Properties High Specific Heat

Water Properties High Heat of Vaporization

Water Properties Expands when freezing

Water Properties Universal Solvent

Solutions Solute + Solvent = Solution

p. H Scale Acid Base

Richter Scale

Acid Precipitation

Acid Precipitation

Acid Precipitation

Ocean Acidification

Buffers