The Change of Empires in New France 1760

The Change of Empires in New France 1760 -1791

The Canadien society that had developed in New France was one that was very different from life in France. During the late 1680’s and the mid 1760’s France and England would wage a number of wars against one another. When these mother countries were at war in Europe, this also meant that their colonies were at war in North America.

The Change of Empires n n In North America during the late 1600’s, both the British and the French were interested in controlling the entire continent. Why? A) Resources (furs and other natural resources) B) Control of territories to build a bigger empire. C) Traditional Rivalry (England France had been enemies for centuries)

Who Controlled What ? n n n The French controlled a vast territory in the heart of North America, claimed through explorations and the fur trade. (Much of the interior continent) The English controlled their 13 British Colonies as well as a ring of territory around Hudson’s Bay. The Spanish controlled what is today Florida and the Western parts of the USA.

French Territory in N. Amer. 1667

n n The French territory was huge and sparsely populated (not many people) The English territory was smaller, but relatively heavily populated. During this period a number of fortifications were built by both the French and British to protect their territories. There would be four major conflicts between the French and British in North America between 1689 and 1763.

French Forts in North America

Fort Chambly on the Richilieu

Interior of Fort Chambly

Fort Carillon, built by the French, will be captured by the British and renamed Fort Ticonderoga

Fort Carillon/Ticonderoga

Interior of Carillon/Ticonderoga

Living Quarters at Ticonderoga

Native Alliances n n During the bulk of the conflicts in North America the Iroquois will ally with the British (against the French) The Algonkians and Huron will ally with the French against the British and the Iroquois

First Inter-colonial War 1689 -1697 n n n This was less of a war and more of a number of village raids that would occur in New England. British Forts in Acadia (Nova Scotia today) and Newfoundland are captured. War settled by the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697. (Forts given back to the English)

La Petite Guerre in the 13 Colonies

Second Inter-Colonial War 1702 -1713 n n More French raids on New England British capture Port Royal (First French settlement). Treaty of Utrecht ends this war in 1713. France gives up some territory in this treaty. (Acadia, Newfoundland, Hudson Bay Area)

Third Inter-Colonial War 1744 -1748 n n French attack New England Louisbourg captured by New Englanders. It will be returned in the peace Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle in 1748 British will build fort at Halifax to offset French fort Louisbourg.

French Fortress Louisbourg Gateway to the St. Lawrence

Halifax a fortified town to counter Louisbourg

Fourth Inter-Colonial War Seven Years War French and Indian War 1756 -1763 n n This will be the last conflict between the French and British in North America. Early on the French experience some victories in the New York Colony (near Lake George Today). They capture a number of British forts.

n n n British will invade Quebec in 1759 and take Montreal the following year. The British Take control of North America in 1760. The war in Europe (between the parent countries Britain and France) will continue for another three years. Ending in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris.