The Challenges of Urbanization Ch 7 2 Urbanization

The Challenges of Urbanization Ch 7 -2

Urbanization • The technological boom (steel, railroads, phone) led to rapid urbanization, or growth of cities. • What are some consequences of urbanization? • Answer- over population, lack of housing, pollution, disease, competition for jobs.

Americanization Movement • The Americanization movement was designed to assimilate people of wide-ranging cultures into the dominant culture. • Social etiquette classes were given as well as English to help immigrants learn the ways of native-born Americans. • It encouraged recent immigrants to forget their own cultural traditions. Yet, many immigrants did not wish to abandon their traditions. • Ethnic communities (like Santa Ana) provided much social support.

Urban Problems • Tenement-urban housing usually occupied by more than one family and unsanitary. • Overpopulation led to new housing developments such as row houses (similar to condos where walls are shared) • Transportation-Mass transit enabled large numbers of people to be moved along a fixed route.

New York City Tenement

Water and Sanitation • Many cities had no water due to the lack of pipes. Homes had no plumbing. You had to get your water from faucets located in the street for public use. • Sanitation- horse manure piled up on the streets and sewage flowed through open gutters.

Social Gospel Movement • The Social Gospel Movement preached salvation through the service of the poor. • Its main interest was social reform. • It called for settlement houses, or community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance for low income people.