The Cell THE BASIC STRUCTURE THAT MAKES UP

The Cell THE BASIC STRUCTURE THAT MAKES UP ALL LIVING ORGANISMS

The Discovery of the Cell �The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things. The structures that make up a cell are called organelles. � 1665: Robert Hooke looked at cork he saw "little rooms" that he called cells

Understanding Cells �Anton van Leeuwenhoek Used a simple microscope to see moving objects that he called "animalcules. " He was actually looking at bacteria. �Matthius Schleiden Botanist who studied the parts of plant cells. Determined that all plants are made of cells �Theodore Schwann: Zoologist who studied animals. Determined that all animals are made of cells �Rudolf Virchow: All living cells come from other living cells.

The Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells only come from other living cells. 3. Living cells are the basic unit of structure for all living things.

Typical Animal Cell (Looks like empty space)

Typical Animal Cell 13 (Looks like empty space) 1 12 2 11 10 (The surface) 3 9 6 8 5 4 7

Typical Animal Cell Cytoplasm 13 (Looks like empty space) 1 Mitochondrion Centriole 12 2 Ribosomes Endoplasmic 11 Reticulum Cell Membrane 10 (The surface) Vesicle 9 Cytoskeleton 8 Golgi 3 apparatus Chromosomes 4 Nucleolus 5 6 envelope Nuclear 7 Nucleus

Typical Plant Cell (Outer wall) (Looks like empty space) (Inner wall)

Typical Plant Cell 13 (Outer wall) (Looks like empty space) 1 2 12 3 (Inner wall) 4 5 11 6 7 10 9 8

Typical Plant Cell Wall 13 (Outer wall) (Looks like empty space) Chromosomes 12 Cytoplasm 1 Cytoskeleton 2 Cell 3 Membrane (Inner wall) Endoplasmic 4 Reticulum 5 Vesicle Nuclear 6 envelope Nucleolus 11 7 Mitochondrion Central 10 Vacuole 9 Chloroplast 8 Golgi apparatus

Cell Part Description Function Where most Fluid that contains salts, chemical reactions Cytoplasm and occur, and helps & a threadlike protein with movement Cytoskeleton network Cell Appendages Long whip like tails called flagella, and small hairlike structures called cilia Movement of the cell or moving materials to and from the cell

Cell Part Cell Wall Cell Membrane Description Function Strong stiff layer outside the cell membrane; in plants, made of cellulose (a carbohydrate) Provides structural supports and protection against viruses The flexible outer layer, contains pores (a barrier made of phospholipids) Controls movement into and out of the cell

Cell Part Golgi Apparatus Description Function Flattened stacks of pancakes Prepares and packages proteins for shipment Vesicles: 1. Lysosomes 2. Vacuoles Ball like storage structures with membranes (Eukaryotes) 1. Stores enzymes for breaking down substance 2. Stores food, water, and waste

Cell Part Description Function Where System of clear Endoplasmic Proteins (on the rough) tubular Reticulum and passageways that (E. R. ) spread throughout Lipids (on the smooth) are made the cytoplasm Ribosomes Small, grainlike body made primarily of RNA; may be attached to the E. R. or floating free in cytoplasm; produced in nucleolus Makes proteins

Cell Part Mitochondrion Chloroplast Description Oval-shaped organelles; has a smooth outer membrane and a greatly folded inner membrane Function Respiration, where chemical energy (ATP) in food is released. Large, green Does Photosynthesis: structure in the Captures light energy cytoplasm that and turns it into contain glucose (food) chlorophyll

Cell Part Description Function Nucleus Largest (circular) organelle Directs cell activities and contains genetic information Chromosomes Nucleolus Envelope Small K shaped object Large dark spot Is DNA Makes Ribosomes Surface containing Controls movement of molecules pores

Two Divisions of Cells Prokaryote Cells without a nucleus Typically very small Eukaryote Cells with a nucleus to hold genetic material Typically larger than prokaryote