The Cell Structures Functions AG BIO Ms Tenneson

The Cell Structures & Functions AG BIO – Ms. Tenneson

What is “Cell Theory”? p The idea that all living things are made up of cells.

What’s so special about cells? p Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. Yeast Cells

Where do cells come from? p All cells come from other cells through cell division. Bean Cells in Mitosis

What is the definition of a cell? p A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

Would you like to see some examples? Even if you don’t, too bad.

Remember… p Keep in mind, these are magnified images taken with microscopes p Some cells have been stained with color so you can see them better

Nerve Cell

Bacteria Cells

Cells from the stomach of a possum.

Brain Cell

Cornstalk Cells

Mammalian Tissue

A splash of sea water!

Rabbit Hair Folicle

Onion

So what if I told you these blobby things all had names?

Ok… lets start with the basics.

There are Two Types of Cells 1. 2. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic p One-celled organisms p Example: Bacteria p Few internal structures p No nuclei Cells Dividing: Bacteria from a Taxi Cab

Eukaryotic p p Contain organelles surrounded by membranes (barriers) Most living organisms Plant Humans & Animals

Cell Wall Plant, not animal cells p Outer layer p Rigid, strong, stiff p Made of cellulose p Supports & Protects p Allows H 20, O 2, CO 2 to pass into and out of the cell p

Cell Membrane Plant & animal cells p Location: Edge or under cell wall. p Semi permeable p Protects the cell p

Nucleus Plant & animal cells p Location: p n Inside, center Lg. Oval p Cell control center p

Getting to know your nucleus… Nucleolus (Nucleoli) Plant & animal cells Location: inside the nucleus Circular Shape (dark spot) Makes Ribosomes Nuclear Membrane Plant & animal cells Around nucleus Thin layer Lets things in/out (pores) Protection

Cytoplasm Plant & Animal p Fills the cell p Clear, thick, jellylike p Holds all organelles in cell p

Chromatin/Chromosomes In Plant & Animal Cells p In nucleus p Spaghetti or X shaped p Has DNA and genetic info. p

Endoplasmic Reticulum (E. R. ) Plant & animal cells p Location: attaches from cell membrane to nuclear membrane p Network of tubes and membranes p Transports materials and sends messages to all parts of the cell p Two types: smooth and rough (has ribosomes) p

Rough E. R.

Ribosomes Plant & Animal Cells p Location: p n n In Cytoplasm or Attached to E. R. Small, round p Makes proteins p

Mitochondria p p p Plant & animal Location: In Cytoplasm Bean shaped with inner membranes Makes energy/powerhouse Breaks down glucose to carbon dioxide

Mitochondria

What type of cells do you think would have a higher proportion of mitochondria? A. ) Skin cells p B. ) Bladder cell p C. ) Heart muscle cells p

Vacuole p p p Plant = few/large Animal = many/small Location: In cytoplasm Fluid filled sacs Stores food, water & waste

Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus p p Located in Plant & Animal Cells Location: in cytoplasm, near nucleus Flattened membrane sacs Packages the proteins that the cell releases

GOLGI APPARATUS

Lysosome p p p Plant & Animal Cells Location: in cytoplasm Membrane bound circles Contains digestive enzymes Destroys bacteria, old cell parts… Centrioles p p Plant & Animal Cells Location: in cytoplasm Shaped like licorice Helps the cell to divide

Cilia Most Plant, Animal & Bacteria Cells p Location: outside of cell p Short hair-like projections p Used for movement p

Flagella Most Plant, Animal & Bacteria Cells p Location: outside of cell p Long whip-like tail p Used for movement p

Chloroplasts p p p (Algae with chloroplasts within. ) Only in plant cells Contains chlorophyll - green First captures energy from the sun in plants Light Energy = Chemical Energy = Food for the Plant

Cytoskeleton (Microfilament) Plant & Animal Cells p Like a spider web in cell p Made of thin hollow tubes p Gives shape and internal organization p Microfilament (cytoskeleton) of mouse embryo fibroblasts, stained with FITC-phalloidin (100 fold magnification. )

Plastids Found in Plant Cells p Located in cytoplasm p Stores extra food p

Quiz Yourself!

Can you name these plant cell parts? A. B. C.

Can you name these animal cell parts? Cell Membrane #1 #2 Rough E. R. #3 Ribosome's Cytoskeleton or Microfilaments #4 #5 Mitochondria

Shading Task Directions Lightly Shade p Only the box with the term (not the whole row) p Follow the stoplight key! p

If it’s red… • Stop! • You need to know this! • You will be tested on it!

If it’s green… • Go ahead and know this too! • There’s a 99% chance you will be tested on it!

If it’s yellow… • Pretty important • There’s a 89% chance you will be tested on it!

You will have______ to do this. 4. 58 minutes Just so you know, that’s about 21. 28 seconds per box to shade.

Stoplight Key: Nucleus p Ribosomes p Mitochondria p Cell Wall p Golgi Bodies p Chloroplasts p Chromatin & Chromosomes p Cytoplasm p E. R. p Cilia p Flagella p Nucleoli p Nuclear Membrane p Cytoskeleton p