The Cell Structures Functions AG BIO Mc Kee

The Cell Structures & Functions AG BIO - Mc. Kee

What is “Cell Theory”? p The idea that all living things are made up of cells.

What’s so special about cells? p Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. Yeast Cells

Where do cells come from? p All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. Bean Cells in Mitosis

Definition of the Cell p A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

Would you like to see some examples? Even if you don’t, too bad.

Remember… p These are magnified images taken with microscopes p Some cells have been stained with color so you can see them better.

Nerve Cell

Bacteria Cell

Tree cells from the stomach of a possum.

Brain Cell

Cornstalk Cells

Mammalian Tissue • Smooth muscle are structurally the simplest muscle cells • Provide contractile forces for most internal organs • Controls flow of blood through vessels and moves food through digestive tract.

Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic p Eukaryotic p

Prokaryotic p One-celled organisms p Example: Bacteria p Few internal structures surrounded by membranes Cells Dividing: Bacteria from a Taxi Cab

Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes p Most living organisms p Plant Humans & Animals

“Typical” Animal Cell

“Typical” Plant Cell

Organelles q. Means “little organ” q. Each organelle has a specific job to help the cell q. Most cells have the same organelles q. Plants have some additional ones that animal cells do not

Cell Parts and Functions Nucleus p Plant & animal cells p Large & oval p Control center p Location: n n Inside the cell, Near the center

Cell Parts and Functions Cell Membrane Plant & animal cells Protects the cell Lets things in and out of the cell Location: around the cell

Cell Parts and Functions Cell Wall Plant, not animal cells Outer layer, rigid, strong, stiff Made of cellulose

Mitochondria p Plant & animal p Bean shaped with inner membr p Makes energy/powerhouse p Breaks down sugar into energy p Location: In Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Cell Structure & Function Vacuole Plant = few/large Animal = small Fluid filled sacs Stores food, water & waste Location: In cytoplasm

Vacuole

p What does a vacuole remind you of?

Cell Parts and Functions Cytoplasm p Plant & Animal p Clear, thick, jellylike p Holds all organelles in cell p Location: in cell

Cell Structures and Functions Chloroplast Only in plant cells Contains chlorophyll Makes plants green Traps light energy from the sun Light Energy = Chemical Energy (Where photosynthesis occurs) Chemical Energy = Food for the Plant

Cell Parts and Functions Endoplasmic Reticulum (E. R. ) p p p Plant & animal cells Network of tubes and membranes Transports materials and sends messages to all parts of the cell Two types: smooth and rough (has ribosomes) Location: attaches from cell membrane to nuclear membrane

Rough E. R.

Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus p Located in Plant & Animal Cells p Packages and secretes p Gets rid of waste p Location: in cytoplasm

p What does a Golgi Body remind you of?

GOLGI APPARATUS

Cell Parts and Functions Lysosome Plant & Animal Cells Contains digestive enzymes Destroys bacteria, old cell parts… Location: in cytoplasm

Cell Parts and Functions Nucleolus (Nucleoli) Plant & animal cells Makes ribosomes Location: inside the nucleus (dark spot) Nuclear Membrane Plant & animal cells Protects around nucleus Lets things in/out of nucleus (pores) Selectively permeable cell

Cell Parts and Functions Ribosome p Plant & Animal Cells p Makes proteins p Small circular shape p Location: In Cytoplasm or n Attached to E. R. n

Cell Parts and Functions Chromatin/Chromosomes p In Plant & Animal Cells p Contains genetic information/traits p Location: In nucleus

Cell Parts and Functions Cilia Most Plant, Animal & Bacteria Cells Short hair-like projections Used for movement Location: outside of cell Flagella Most Plant, Animal & Bacteria Cells Long whip-like tail Used for movement Location: outside of cell

What’s that?

Can you name these plant cell parts? A. B. C.

Can you name these animal cell parts? Cell Membrane #1 #2 Rough E. R. #3 Ribosome's Cytoskeleton or Microfilaments #4 #5 Mitochondria