The Cell Review Empty slide to keep flashcards
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The Cell Review
Empty slide to keep flashcards in order
What is a Prokaryote? Prokaryote ?
Prokaryotes DO NOT have: Prokaryotes DO have: Ø Nucleus Ø Cell Membrane Ø Membrane Bound Organelles Ø Cell Wall (not like plant’s cell wall) Remember: Bacteria are Prokaryotes Cilia Ø Cytoplasm Ø DNA (genetic material) Ø Ribosomes Ø Flagella / Cilia Cytoplasm Flagella Cell Membrane
What is a Eukaryote? Eukaryote ?
Eukaryotes Plants Protista Animals Fungi Eukaryotes DO have: Ø Nucleus Ø Membrane Bound Organelles (Mitochondria, E. R. , Golgi, etc. )
What must ALL CELLS have? (Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes) Things
What must ALL CELLS have? (Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes) 4 Things: DNA Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Ribosomes
What 3 things do PLANT CELLS have that an animal cells do not have?
What 3 things do PLANT CELLS have that an animal cells do not have? • Cell Wall • Chloroplasts • Large Vacuole
Name the 3 parts of the Modern Cell Theory
3 parts of the Modern Cell Theory ØCells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things ØAll cells contain specialized structures (organelles) to perform functions necessary for life ØAll organisms are made of one or more cells and come from other cells by reproduction
Who invented the microscope and saw the first living (alive) cells in pond water and called them “wee beasties? ” (Hint: “Wee” sounds like beginning of his last name)
Who invented the microscope and saw the first living cells in pond water and called them “wee beasties? ” Leeuwenhoek “Lee” sounds like “Wee”
Who saw cork and named the chambers “Cells”? Hint: His name rhymes with “cork”
Who saw cork and named the chambers “Cells”? Hint: His name rhymes with “cork” Hooke
What did Schwann say? What did Schleiden say?
What did Schwann say? Schwann claimed that all animals are made of cells. Think: Schwann sounds like swan What did Schleiden say? Schleiden claimed that all plants are made of cells. Think: Schlidin’ down the vine
Who claimed that all cells must come from existing cells by reproduction? Hint: His name sounds like “cow” Cows come from cows Cells come from cells
Who claimed that all cells must come from existing cells by reproduction? Virchow “Vircow” Hint: His name sounds like “cow” Cows come from cows Cells come from cells
Who did this red meat (hint) experiment and believed in biogenesis? No Growth
Who did this red meat experiment and believed in biogenesis? Redi For Biogenesis No Growth
Who did this experiment and believed in abiogenesis? Heated (not boiled) Broth Hint: He needed more information on how to do a good experiment!!!
Who did this experiment and believed in abiogenesis? Needham – Abiogenesis (He needed more information on how to do a good experiment) Heated (not boiled) Broth
Who did this experiment and believed in biogenesis? S-shaped flask
Who did this experiment and believed in biogenesis? Pasteur - Biogenesis S-shaped flask
What determines the shape of a cell? Nerve Cells Blood Cells Muscle Cells
What determines the shape of a cell? The cell’s FUNCTION Nerve Cells Blood Cells Muscle Cells
What are the four levels of cell organization starting from the smallest to largest?
What are the four levels of cell organization starting from the cell? make up
_______ is when cells perform a specific function for an organism.
Cell Specialization is when cells perform a specific function for an organism. Examples: Red blood cells White blood cells Nerve cells
What is the semi-permeable membrane, phospholipid bilayer that regulates what goes in and out of a cell?
What is the semi-permeable membrane, phospholipid bilayer that regulates what goes in and out of a cell? Cell Membrane
What is the hard covering of the plant cell that provides support and protection for the plant cell?
What is the hard covering of the plant cell that provides support and protection for the plant cell? Cell Wall
What 3 things pass through the cell membrane easily?
What 3 things pass through the cell membrane or cell wall easily? Carbon Dioxide By Diffusion Oxygen By Diffusion H 2 O By Osmosis
What is located in the cell membrane to selectively allow larger things into and out of the cell? ?
What is located in the cell membrane to selectively allow larger things into and out of the cell? Protein in Protein Channels
What is the jelly-like liquid between the cell membrane and the nucleus? ? ? ? ?
What is the jelly-like liquid between the cell membrane and the nucleus? Cytoplasm
What is the control center (brain) of the cell?
What is the control center (brain) of the cell? NUCLEUS
What is the organelle that is inside the nucleus and makes ribosomes?
What is the organelle that is inside the nucleus and makes ribosomes? Nucleolus
What covers the outside of the nucleus and what are the holes called to allow ribosomes and RNA out?
What covers the outside of the nucleus and what are the holes called to allow ribosomes and RNA out? Nuclear Membrane (Nuclear Envelope) and Nuclear Pores
What is the genetic material “Blueprints” that is inside the nucleus?
What is the genetic material “Blueprints” that is inside the nucleus? CHROMOSOMES
What organelle is the powerhouse of the cell and found in all Eukaryotes (Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protista) Hint: Think Mighty Mouse that has lots of power
What organelle is the powerhouse of the cell and found in all Eukaryotes (Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protista) Mitochondria Hint: Think Mighty Mouse that has lots of power
What makes proteins for the cell? Hint: If you eat Ribs you are getting protein from the meat. ? ? ?
What makes proteins for the cell? Remembering Hint: If you eat Ribs you are getting protein from the meat. RIBOSOMES
What organelle is used for photosynthesis in the plant cell?
What is used for photosynthesis in the plant cell? Chloroplasts
What grouping are chloroplasts, leukoplasts, and chromoplasts part of?
What grouping are chloroplasts, leukoplasts, and chromoplasts part of? Plastids
What is the large sac in a plant cell (holds water) and small sac in an animal (used for storage) called?
What is the large sac in a plant cell (holds water) and small sac in an animal (used for storage) called? VACUOLE
What digests food and gets rid of unwanted waste in a cell? ? ? ? ? ?
What digests food and gets rid of unwanted waste in a cell?
_______is a folded membrane and transports materials throughout the cell.
___E. R. ____is a folded membrane and transports materials throughout the cell. Transportation of Proteins Transportation of Lipids & Carbs
______ is used in packaging proteins and other materials and transport out of cell? Hint: Think of packaging and sending a gold necklace to your friend in another state. Look like stack of pancakes
______ is used in packaging proteins and other materials and transport out of cell? Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus Hint: Think of packaging and sending a gold necklace to your friend in another state. Look like stack of pancakes
What are the microtubules covering the cell, hair like, used for movement? What are the microtubules that are whip-like and used for movement?
What are the microtubules that are whip-like and used for movement? What are the microtubules covering the cell like hair used for movement? PROKARYOTES!!! Cilia Flagella
The movement of molecules (CO₂ , O₂) from HIGH → LOW concentration and does NOT need a cell membrane but can cross one is called ____? ____
The movement of molecules (CO₂ , O₂) from HIGH → LOW concentration and does NOT need a cell membrane but can cross one is called __DIFFUSION__
Movement of water across the cell membrane from HIGH → LOW is called ___? _____.
Movement of water across the cell membrane from HIGH → LOW is called Osmosis.
What is movement of HIGH → LOW concentration that needs a cell membrane, a protein but no energy?
What is movement of HIGH → LOW concentration that needs a cell membrane, a protein but no energy?
What is movement of LOW → HIGH concentration that needs a cell membrane, a protein and needs energy?
What is movement of LOW → HIGH concentration that needs a cell membrane, a protein and needs energy? ACTIVE TRANSPORT
____? _____ is when a large food particle is moved into the cell using a cell membrane and energy.
___ Endocytosis _____ is when a large food particle is moved into the cell using a cell membrane and energy. ENDO = ENTER
____? ____ is when a large particle is moved out of the cell using a cell membrane and energy.
___ Exocytosis _____ is when a large particle is moved out of the cell using a cell membrane and energy. EXO = Exit
Endocytosis and Exocytosis (moving BIG particles in or out of the cell) is also called ___________
Endocytosis and Exocytosis (moving big particles in or out of the cell) is also called __BULK TRANSPORT_. Bulk Transport
When the solute concentration inside and outside of the cell is equal. This is called____? ______. Where does water go? What does the cell do? 10%10
When the solute concentration inside and outside of the cell is equal. This is called an isotonic solution. Water goes in and out; cell stays the same. 10% H 2 O 10% 10
When the solute concentration outside the cell is higher than inside the cell it is called______. Where does water go? What does the cell do? 10% 10 20%
When the solute concentration outside the cell is higher than inside the cell it is called Hypertonic Solution. Water goes out of cell; cell shrinks. 10% H 2 O 10 20%
When the solute concentration inside the cell is higher than outside the cell it is called a ______. Where does water go? What does the cell do? 20% 10 10%
When the solute concentration inside the cell is higher than outside the cell it is called a Hypotonic solution. Water goes into the cell. The cell swells. 20% H 2 O 10 10%
What happens to the cell in this situation? Where does water move in this situation? 93% H 2 O 75% H 2 O
What happens to the cell in this situation? Cell Shrinks Where does water move in this situation? Water moves out Hypertonic Solution Water goes out 93% H 2 O 7% Solute 75% H 2 O 25% Solute You need to understand what happens when given water concentrations instead of solute concentrations.
Name the 2 reasons cells cannot be the size of a basketball and explain. Blood Cells
Name the 2 reasons cells cannot be the size of a basketball and explain. 1. Geometry: Volume increases faster than surface area which makes it hard for membrane to keep up with needs of the cell 2. Practical aspects: Nucleus can’t handle that big of a job.
Be able to identify which organelles belong to Plant, Animal, or Prokaryotic Cells ! ORGANELLE PLANT ANIMAL Prokaryote Cell Wall Yes No Yes Cell Membrane Yes Yes Nucleus Yes No Nuclear Membrane Yes No Cytoplasm Yes Yes Endoplasmic Reticulum Yes No Ribosome Yes Yes Mitochondria Yes No Lysosome No Yes No Chloroplast Yes No No Vacuole Yes (Large) Yes- (Small) No Golgi apparatus Yes No Cilia No No Yes
Be able to identify the organelles in plant and animal cells from various pictures in our notes and test review!!!! Plant Cell Animal Cell
Understand the diffusion lab that we conducted in class. What did the bag represent? What moved into bag and how do you know? What was the control in this experiment? Why did you need a control? Wa ter Iodine diffuses into bag because iodine is smaller than bag pores and stains starch black Starch too big to diffuse through bag pores so it stays in bag. You know this by the iodine/water in the cup not turning black.
Nuclear Pore Rough ER Ribosome Nuclear Pore Nucleus Golgi Bodies Chloroplast Lysosome Smooth ER Mitochondria Cytoplasm Cell Membrane
Rough ER Nucleus Golgi Bodies Chloroplast Mitochondria Cell Wall Vacuole Cell Membrane
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