The Cell Mitosis Exercise 4 Anatomy of a

The Cell & Mitosis Exercise 4

Anatomy of a Typical Animal Cell

The Plasma Membrane

Functions of membrane proteins

More functions of membrane proteins

Second messenger system: cyclic AMP

Cellular connections: tight junctions

Desmosomes

Gap Junctions

Diffusion: a passive process

Diffusion: Simple & Facilitated

Osmosis a.

Osmosis b.

Active Transport: The Na+/K+ Pump

Symport: Two solutes moving together Na+ & glucose move by secondary active transport

Vesicular transport: exocytosis

Phagocytosis: Cellular “eating”

Bulk-phase endocytosis or “pinocytosis” Also thought of as cellular drinking.

Receptor mediated endocytosis

The Na+/K+ Pump

Mitochondria: Powerhouses of the cell

Rough endoplasmic reticulum: cellular protein factories

Protein synthesis

Golgi apparatus: packaging & distribution

Vesicles

Summary of the pathways of products of the cell

The Cytoskeleton

Movement within the cell a.

Movement within the cell b.

Centrioles

Structure of a Cilium

Cilia move things by a wave-like action …

… things like mucus!

Nucleus: control center of the eukaryotic cell

Careful packaging of Chromosomes

Mitosis and the associated phases

Semiconservative replication of DNA

Interphase

Prophase

Late prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase: defined by the presence of a cleavage furrow & Cytokinesis

Chemical signals controlling cell division: the cell cycle

Cell cycle continued

Protein synthesis: transcription

Translation

Codons: the 3 letter language of amino acids

Ribosomal RNA: the workshop of protein building

Summary of the steps of protein synthesis

Protein degradation: the end of the line

END