The Cell Mitochondria Chloroplasts PPT 2 Part I
- Slides: 23
The Cell: Mitochondria & Chloroplasts PPT 2
Part I Preview to Cell Respiration: Mitochondria 2005 -2006
Overview § Mitochondria & chloroplasts : organelles that convert energy to forms that cells can use for work mitochondria: from glucose to ATP u chloroplasts: from sunlight to ATP & carbohydrates u § ATP = active energy § carbohydrates = stored energy ATP +
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts Important to see the similarities u transform energy § generate ATP double membranes = 2 membranes u semi-autonomous organelles u § move, change shape, divide u internal ribosomes, DNA & enzymes 2005 -2006
Mitochondria § Function cellular respiration u generate ATP u § from breakdown of sugars, fats & other fuels § in the presence of oxygen w break down larger molecules into smaller to generate energy = catabolism w generate energy in presence of O 2 = aerobic respiration
Mitochondria Structure u 2 membranes § smooth outer membrane § highly folded inner membrane w the cristae u u fluid-filled space between 2 membranes internal fluid-filled space § mitochondrial matrix § DNA, ribosomes & enzymes Why 2 membranes? increase surface area for membranebound enzymes that synthesize ATP 2005 -2006
Mitochondria 2005 -2006
Membrane-bound Enzymes 2005 -2006
Dividing Mitochondria Who else divides like that? What does this tell us about the evolution of eukaryotes? 2005 -2006
Mitochondria § Almost all eukaryotic cells have mitochondria u u there may be 1 very large mitochondrion or 100 s to 1000 s of individual mitochondria number of mitochondria is correlated with aerobic metabolic activity § more activity = more energy needed = more mitochondria What cells would have a lot of mitochondria? active cells: • muscle cells • nerve cells 2005 -2006
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Part II The Chloroplast – 2005 -2006
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Chloroplasts § Chloroplasts are plant organelles u They are in a class of plant structures called plastids § amyloplasts w store starch in roots & tubers § chromoplasts w store pigments for fruits & flowers § chloroplasts w store chlorophyll & function in photosynthesis w in leaves, other green structures of plants & in eukaryotic algae 2005 -2006
Chloroplasts § Structure u 2 membranes § outer membrane § inner membrane u internal fluid-filled space = stroma § DNA, ribosomes & enzymes § thylakoids = membranous sacs where ATP is made § grana = stacks of thylakoids Why internal sac membranes? increase surface area for membrane-bound enzymes that synthesize ATP 2005 -2006
Membrane-bound Enzymes 2005 -2006
Chloroplasts § Function photosynthesis u generate ATP & synthesize sugars u § transform solar energy into chemical energy § produce sugars from CO 2 & H 2 O § Semi-autonomous § moving, changing shape & dividing § can reproduce by pinching in two Who else divides like that? bacteria! 2005 -2006
Chloroplasts Why are chloroplasts green? 2005 -2006
2005 -2006
Mitochondria & chloroplasts are different from other organelles § Organelles not part of endomembrane system § Grow & reproduce u semi-autonomous organelles § Proteins primarily from free ribosomes in § cytosol & a few from their own ribosomes Own circular chromosome u directs synthesis of proteins produced by own internal ribosomes Who else has a circular chromosome no bound within a nucleus? bacteria 2005 -2006
1981 | ? ? Endosymbiosis theory § Mitochondria & chloroplasts were once free living bacteria u engulfed by ancestral eukaryote § Endosymbiont u cell that lives within another cell (host) § as a partnership § evolutionary advantage for both w one supplies energy w the other supplies raw materials & protection Lynn Margulis U of M, Amherst 2005 -2006
Endosymbiosis theory Evolution of eukaryotes 2005 -2006
Quad Set 7/1 Do all questions on page 138, 1 -12 Write questions and answers in your book! + handout A 2005 -2006
- Chloroplast structure and function
- Case study killing chloroplasts answers
- A cell with numerous ribosomes is probably specialized for
- Cell city analogy answer key
- Function of mitochondria
- Vascular tissue
- How many membranes surround a chloroplast
- Which two protists contain chloroplasts
- Krebs cycle main purpose
- Analogy of cell wall
- Mitochondria parts
- Function of mitochondria
- Parts of mitochondria
- Does fermentation occur in the mitochondria
- What is the smallest living unit in all organisms?
- Rough er function
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Mitochondria layers
- Mitochondria
- Labelled diagram of mitochondria class 9
- Proces downsa
- Labeled mitochondria cellular respiration
- Ions h+
- Singular mitochondria