The Cell Division Mitosis 1 Cell Division Cell

The Cell Division Mitosis 1

Cell Division Cell division is a process by which the cellular material is divided between 2 new daughter cells. Mitosis (indirect division) • occurs in somatic cells of higher organisms. • it is the means of population growth in unicellular organisms. • results in two daughter cells. • have the same number of chromosomes of the mother cell.

Interphase • The chromosomes are thinlong extended threads, too delicate. • certain segments are tightly coiled and chromatin granules inside nucleus. • nucleus appears clear with one or 2 nucleoli. • DNA is replicated 8 in preparation for the daughter cells to receive an exact replica of the chromosomes and about half of the cytoplasm. ●

The phases of Mitosis division Animal cell (1) Prophase (2) Metaphase (3) Anaphase (4) Telophase Prepared by : Amal Awad Al-Harbi

(1) Prophase • The chromosomal threads become tightly coiled, shorter and denser could be seen as chromosomes each is formed of 2 sister chromatids attached together at the centromere. • The nuclear envelope dissolves. • The nucleolus disappears. • The centrioles is surrounded by fan of astral rays, start to migrate toward opposite poles of the cell. • The spindle fibers begin to form. 5

(2) Metaphase • The spindle fibers are fully formed and astral rays appear around the centrioles at the cell poles (in animal cells). • The chromosomes are arranged in the equatorial plane and their centromeres appear attached to the spindle fibers at their kinetochores. • These kinetochores are 2 diskshaped structures in each centromere. 6

(3) Anaphase • The centromeres split the 2 chromatids of each chromosome separated and pulled toward the corresponding cell pole (centriole in animal cells). • Now each chromatid is a chromosome 7

(4) Telophase • The chromosomes have reached the opposite poles • The spindle disperses. • The chromosomes become diffuse. • The nucleolus reappears. • A nuclear envelope reforms around each chromosome set, thus a nucleus is formed. 8

Mitosis division in animal cell Prophase 9 Prepared by : Amal Awad Al-Harbi

Mitosis division in animal cell Metaphase 10 Prepared by : Amal Awad Al-Harbi

Metaphase Mitosis division in animal cell 11 Prepared by : Amal Awad Al-Harbi

Mitosis division in animal cell Anaphase 12 Prepared by : Amal Awad Al-Harbi

Mitosis division in animal cell Telophase 13 Prepared by : Amal Awad Al-Harbi

14 Prepared by : Amal Awad Al-Harbi