The Cell Cycle and Division 3 1 Cell

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The Cell Cycle and Division 3. 1

The Cell Cycle and Division 3. 1

�Cell cycle- the cycle of growth, development, and division of cells. �During the cell

�Cell cycle- the cycle of growth, development, and division of cells. �During the cell cycle, organisms grow, develop, replace old or damaged cells, and produce new cells. Cell Cycle

� 2 main phases: interphase and mitotic �Interphase- is the period during the cell

� 2 main phases: interphase and mitotic �Interphase- is the period during the cell cycle of a cell’s growth and development. �Most of the cell’s life is spent in interphase. � 3 stages of INTERPHASE: 1. Rapid growth & replication (copying) of the organelles 2. Copying of DNA 3. Preparation for Cell Division. Phases of the Cell Cycle

�Mitotic- 2 nd phase of the cell cycle. �A cell reproduces during the mitotic

�Mitotic- 2 nd phase of the cell cycle. �A cell reproduces during the mitotic phase. �Has 2 stages: ◦ Nucleus divides during the first stage ◦ Cytoplasm divides in the second stage. Phases of Cell Cycle

�Begins with rapid growth (cell gets bigger) �Cellular activities (making proteins) �Copies DNA and

�Begins with rapid growth (cell gets bigger) �Cellular activities (making proteins) �Copies DNA and prepares for cell division �DNA is bundled into chromatin (long strands of DNA). Interphase

� 3 Phases: G₁, S, & G₂ �G₁ is the growth & replication phase.

� 3 Phases: G₁, S, & G₂ �G₁ is the growth & replication phase. It is the longest phase. �S – cell continues to grow & copies its DNA. �G₂- final period of growth and preparation for the mitotic stage. Stores energy used for Mitotic stage. Phases of Interphase

�Has 2 stages: mitosis and cytokinesis. �Mitosis- the nucleus and its contents divide. �Cytokinesis-

�Has 2 stages: mitosis and cytokinesis. �Mitosis- the nucleus and its contents divide. �Cytokinesis- the cytoplasm and its contents divide. �Daughter Cells – the 2 new cells that result from mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitotic Phase

�Prophase (P) �Metaphase (M) �Anaphase (A) �Telophase (T) Phases of Mitosis

�Prophase (P) �Metaphase (M) �Anaphase (A) �Telophase (T) Phases of Mitosis

�In animal cells, the cell membrane squeezes together around the middle of the cell

�In animal cells, the cell membrane squeezes together around the middle of the cell (furrow). �In plant cells, a new cell wall forms in the middle of a plant cell. Cell plate grows outward toward the cell wall. Cytokinesis

�The end result of cell division is two new daughter cells with identical DNA.

�The end result of cell division is two new daughter cells with identical DNA. �Replacement of damaged or worn out cells. �Cell Division is critical for repairing damage. �Cell Division allows multicellular organisms to grow and develop from one cell. Results of Cell Division

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