The Cell and its Parts Boy What a
The Cell and it’s Parts! Boy! What a little cell can do! http: //www. brainpop. com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cells/ SMP - LE 2013 notes
Why study cells? Cells Tissues Organs organ systems organism ◦ bodies are made up of cells ◦ cells do all the work of life! SMP - LE 2013 notes
The Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things 3. New cells are produced from existing cells 1. SMP - LE 2013 notes
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Have cell membrane Have cytoplasm DNA is free floating in cytoplasm ◦ NO NUCLEUS Bacteria! Eukaryotes Have cell membrane Have cytoplasm DNA is contained ◦ IN NUCLEUS Have organelles ◦ Specialized structures with specific functions SMP - LE 2013 notes
Cells have 3 Main Jobs 1. Making energy to fuel daily life & growth, the cell must… take in nutrients, oxygen (O 2) make ATP remove waste (carbon dioxide) ATP SMP - LE 2013 notes
2. Make proteins • proteins do all the work in a cell, so we need lots of them 3. Make more cells • for growth • to replace damaged or diseased cells Our organelles do all these jobs! SMP - LE 2013 notes
CELL ORGANELLES Tiny membrane-bound structures that perform special functions inside the cell • VIDEO: http: //www. brainpop. com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cellstructures/ SMP - LE 2013 notes
Cell Membrane: ◦ Functions: Controls movement in and out of cell Receives signals from other cells (in multicellular orgs) ◦ Found in: All cells Cytoplasm: ◦ Function: Site of chemical reactions Contained by cell membrane ◦ Found in: All cells Cell Wall ◦ Function: Provides support ◦ Found in: Plants and Fungi Surrounds cell membrane SMP - LE 2013 notes
Nucleus ◦ Function: Contains DNA (chromatin) “Control center” of cell Surrounded by Nuclear membrane Nucleolus: ◦ Center of nucleus ◦ Site of ribosome synthesis ◦ Found in: All eukaryotic cells SMP - LE 2013 notes
Ribosomes ◦ Function: Site of protein synthesis “Little dots” ◦ Found in: All eukaryotic cells Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) ◦ Function: Assembly of cell parts and transport “Smooth” has no ribosomes “Rough” has ribosomes on surface ◦ Found in: All eukaryotic cells SMP - LE 2013 notes
Golgi Apparatus ◦ Function: Proteins are packaged and shipped here ◦ Found in: All eukaryotic cells Lysosomes ◦ Function: Contain enzymes that break down things ◦ Found in: Heterotrophic cells SMP - LE 2013 notes
Mitochondria ◦ Function: Site of cellular respiration ◦ Releasing energy from food “Powerhouse” of cell ◦ Found in: All eukaryotic cells Vacuole ◦ Function: Empty space used for storage Much LARGER in plant cells…WHY? ◦ Need to store water and starch ◦ Found in: All eukaryotic cells SMP - LE 2013 notes
Chloroplast ◦ Function: Site of photosynthesis ◦ Uses sun’s energy and water to make food (glucose)! ◦ Found in: Autotrophs (Plant cells, and some Protists) SMP - LE 2013 notes
Eukaryotic Cells include Plant and Animal Cells ANIMAL CELL STRUCTURE SMP - LE 2013 notes
Let’s compare Animal and Plant cells Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, ER, Golgi Animal Cell • • Lysosomes Small Vacuoles Centrioles Round shape Plant Cell • • Cell Wall Chloroplasts Large Vacuole Rectangular shap SMP - LE 2013 notes
Diversity of Cellular Life Unicellular vs. Multicellular Organisms Let’s watch a VIDEO: http: // www. brainpop. com/health/geneticsgrowthanddevelopment/cellspecialization/ (2: 01) SMP - LE 2013 notes
1. Unicellular Organisms - The cell IS the organism They grow, reproduce, respond to environment, and maintain homeostasis Colonial Organisms: ◦ “Live” together, but have no specialization ◦ Ex. Protists and Bacteria SMP - LE 2013 notes
2. Multicellular Organisms Made of many cells Cell specialization: ◦ Cells are specialized to perform specific functions ◦ Cells of same type work together Ex. Red blood cells, nerve cells, muscle cells, etc…. SMP - LE 2013 notes
Let’s compare unicellular to multicellular organisms! Unicellular Nucleus Cell Membrane Lysosome Multicellular Nervous system Skin; Respiratory Digestive system SMP - LE 2013 notes
Closer look at cell specialization Red blood cells are designed to carry oxygen Nerve cells are designed to carry impulses Muscle cells are designed to promote movement SMP - LE 2013 notes
Multicellular Organization Organ Systems (Digestive) Organ (Stomach) Tissue (Smooth muscle Tissue) Specialized cells (Muscle cell) SMP - LE 2013 notes
Practice Can you explain the levels of organization involved in touch: ◦ Nerve cells (specialized cells) ◦ Brain tissue (tissue) ◦ Brain (organ) ◦ Nervous system (organ system) SMP - LE 2013 notes
Cell videos for review Cell organelle song recap (3: 10) • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=r. ABKB 5 a. S 2 Zg Cell review Lesson • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=g 4 L_QO 4 WKt. M Cell Rap song • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=-zaf. JKb. MPA 8 SMP - LE 2013 notes
THE END SMP - LE 2013 notes
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