The Cell and its Parts Boy What a
The Cell and it’s Parts Boy! What a little cell can do!
The Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things 3. New cells are produced from existing cells
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Eukaryotes • Have cell membrane • Have cytoplasm • DNA is free floating in • DNA is contained cytoplasm • IN NUCLEUS • NO NUCLEUS • Have organelles • Bacteria! • Specialized structures with specific functions
Structural components of cells • Cell Membrane: • • Functions: • Controls movement in and out of cell • Receives signals from other cells (in multicellular orgs) Found in: • All cells • Cytoplasm: • • Function: • Site of chemical reactions • Contained by cell membrane Found in: • All cells • Cell Wall • • Function: • Provides support Found in: • Plants and Fungi • Surrounds cell membrane
Organelles found in Eukaryotes • Nucleus • Function: • • • Contains DNA (chromatin) “Control center” of cell Surrounded by Nuclear membrane Nucleolus: • Center of nucleus • Site of ribosome synthesis Found in:
Organelles found in Eukaryotes • Ribosomes • Function: • • • Site of protein synthesis “Little dots” Found in: • All eukaryotic cells • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Function: • • Assembly of cell parts and transport “Smooth” has no ribosomes “Rough” has ribosomes on surface Found in: • All eukaryotic cells
Organelles found in Eukaryotes • Golgi Apparatus • Function: • • Proteins are packaged and shipped here Found in: • All eukaryotic cells • Lysosomes • Function: • • Contain enzymes that break down things Found in: • Heterotrophic cells
Organelles found in Eukaryotes • Mitochondria • Function: • • • Site of cellular respiration • Releasing energy from food “Powerhouse” of cell Found in: • All eukaryotic cells • Vacuole • Function: • • • Empty space used for storage Much LARGER in plant cells…WHY? • Need to store water and starch Found in:
Organelle found only in Autotrophs! (Plants and some Protists) • Chloroplast • Function: • Site of photosynthesis • Uses sun’s energy and water to make food! • Found in:
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Let’s compare Animal and Plant cells Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, ER, Golgi Animal Cell Lysosomes Small Vacuoles Plant Cell Wall Chloroplasts Large Vacuole
Let’s compare unicellular to multicellular organisms! • • • Unicellular Nucleus Cell Membrane Lysosome • • • Multicellular Nervous system Skin; Respiratory Digestive system
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