The Cell and its Parts Boy What a
The Cell and it’s Parts! Boy! What a little cell can do! http: //www. brainpop. com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cells/ SMB - LE 2011 notes
Why study cells? • Cells Tissues Organs organ systems organism – bodies are made up of cells – cells do all the work of life! SMB - LE 2011 notes
Multicellular Organization Organ Systems (Digestive) Organ (Stomach) Tissue (Smooth muscle Tissue) Specialized cells (Muscle cell) SMB - LE 2011 notes
What is a cell? Smallest unit of life that can carry out all the functions of a living thing. • Various sizes and shapes • Organism- living thing SMB - LE 2011 notes
IMAGES of Cells: Skin Cell Root cell Plant Cell Red Blood cell SMB - LE 2011 notes Nerve Cell
Diversity of Cellular Life Unicellular Organisms • They grow, reproduce, respond to environment, & maintain homeostasis • Colonial Organisms: “Live” together, but have no specialization • Ex. Protists and Bacteria http: //www. brainpop. com/health/geneticsg rowthanddevelopment/cellspecialization/ Multicellular Organisms • Made of many cells • Cell specialization: - Cells are specialized to perform specific functions • Cells of same type work together Ex. Red blood cells, nerve cells, SMB - LE 2011 notes muscle cells, etc….
Closer look at cell specialization • Red blood cells are designed to carry oxygen • Nerve cells are designed to carry impulses • Muscle cells are designed to promote movement SMB - LE 2011 notes
The Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things 3. New cells are produced from existing cells SMB - LE 2011 notes
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Prokaryotes • • • Eukaryotes Have cell membrane Have cytoplasm DNA is free floating in cytoplasm – NO NUCLEUS • Bacteria! • • • Have cell membrane Have cytoplasm DNA is contained – IN NUCLEUS • Have organelles – Specialized structures with specific functions SMB - LE 2011 notes
Cells have 3 Main Jobs 1. Making energy to fuel daily life & growth, the cell must… • take in food & digest it • take in oxygen (O 2) • make ATP • remove waste ATP SMB - LE 2011 notes
2. make proteins • proteins do all the work in a cell, so we need lots of them 3. make more cells • for growth • to replace damaged or diseased cells SMB - LE 2011 notes elles n a g or Our se e h t ll do a jobs!
CELL ORGANELLES • Tiny membrane-bound structures that perform special functions inside the cell • http: //www. brainpop. com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cellstructures/ SMB - LE 2011 notes
Organelles found in Eukaryotes • Cell Membrane: – Functions: • Controls movement in and out of cell • Receives signals from other cells (in multicellular orgs) – Found in: • All cells • Cytoplasm: – Function: • Site of chemical reactions • Contained by cell membrane – Found in: • All cells • Cell Wall – Function: • Provides support – Found in: • Plants and Fungi SMB - LE 2011 notes • Surrounds cell membrane
Organelles found in Eukaryotes • Nucleus – Function: • Contains DNA (chromatin) • “Control center” of cell • Surrounded by Nuclear membrane • Nucleolus: – Center of nucleus – Site of ribosome synthesis – Found in: • All eukaryotic cells SMB - LE 2011 notes
Organelles found in Eukaryotes • Ribosomes – Function: • Site of protein synthesis • “Little dots” – Found in: • All eukaryotic cells • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – Function: • • • Assembly of cell parts and transport “Smooth” has no ribosomes “Rough” has ribosomes on surface – Found in: • All eukaryotic cells SMB - LE 2011 notes
Organelles found in Eukaryotes • Golgi Apparatus – Function: • Proteins are packaged and shipped here – Found in: • All eukaryotic cells • Lysosomes – Function: • Contain enzymes that break down things – Found in: • Heterotrophic cells SMB - LE 2011 notes
Organelles found in Eukaryotes • Mitochondria – Function: • Site of cellular respiration – Releasing energy from food • “Powerhouse” of cell – Found in: • All eukaryotic cells • Vacuole – Function: • Empty space used for storage • Much LARGER in plant cells…WHY? – Need to store water and starch – Found in: SMB - LE 2011 notes
Plant Cells: Cell Wall and Vacuole SMB - LE 2011 notes
Organelle found only in Autotrophs! (Plants and some Protists) • Chloroplast – Function: • Site of photosynthesis –Uses sun’s energy and water to make food! – Found in: • Plant cells, and some SMB - LE 2011 notes Protists
Eukaryotic Cells include Plant and Animal Cells ANIMAL CELL STRUCTURE SMB - LE 2011 notes
Let’s compare Animal and Plant cells Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, ER, Golgi Animal Cell Lysosomes Small Vacuoles Centrioles Round shape Plant Cell Wall Chloroplasts Large Vacuole Rectangular shape SMB - LE 2011 notes
Cell Organelles video • http: //www. brainpop. com/science/cellul arlifeandgenetics/cellstructures/ SMB - LE 2011 notes
Your Turn: Internet Cell Activity • Students will work in pairs and use an interactive tutorial of an animal and plant cell to learn about the components (organelles) found in these cells. • http: //www. cellsalive. com SMB - LE 2011 notes
Vacuole Microfilam ent 4. Nuclear Pore Centrioles SMB - LE 2011 notes Microtuble
THE END SMB - LE 2011 notes
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