The Cavaliers Puritans 17 th Century 1625 1700

The Cavaliers & Puritans 17 th Century (1625 – 1700)

Turmoil Religious & Political Queen Elizabeth dies 1603 King James 1603 -1625 King Charles 1625 -1649 Oliver Cromwell 1642 - 1660 King Charles II 1660 - 1685 “GLORIOUS REVOLUTION”

The Controversy Royal family are Anglican (Catholic sympathizers) WHILE Common people are Protestant sympathizers

Divine Right of Kings King is Head of Church & State

King James Not a picture of health… -- crippling arthritis -- weak limbs -- colic (digestion problems) -- gout -- difficulty walking -- tongue problems After numerous attempts on his life, he required constant care. Invented British flag -- combined England's red cross of St. George with Scotland's white cross of St. Andrew.

Religious Non. Conformity Puritans/Separatists Congregationists/Presbyterians Church government styles congregation vs. bishop liturgical vs. non-liturgical

King James & the Nonconformists “I shall make them conform themselves or I will harry them out of the land, or else…do worse. ”

King Charles Angers Parliament u Angers Puritans u Private arrests, trials u Catholicize worship (High Church) u Last straw - Presbyterian Scots & the new liturgy! u

CIVIL WAR Roundheads = Puritans u Cavaliers = Royal Loyalists u Council of State - backed by revolutionary officers u Cromwell assumes control as “Lord Protector of the Commonwealth” u The Bloody Revolution! King Charles beheaded in 1649!

Cromwell’s Rule Puritan strictness Military power Suppression of theatre & other frivolous activities Tyrant/dictator

The Restoration u Cromwell’s death u u dooms Puritan rule Parliament asks King Charles II back from exile in Holland People revolted vs. Puritan strictness

Hatred of Cromwell

Charles II u Catholic sympathizer Repressive religious measures u Allied to Catholic France u Discontent grows vs. monarchy u

James II u Catholic sympathizer appoints Catholics to influential govt & military posts u Vatican reps in court u religious persecution of Scottish Protestants u

Glorious Revolution (Bloodless Revolution) u William of Orange (Protestant) u Mary (James II’s daughter) u Parliament asks them to rule in place of James II u New limited monarchy

London grows to 600, 000!

Historic Events Great Plague in London 1665 ------68, 000 die!

Historic Events Great Fire of London - 1666 (Christopher Wren - rebuilder)

Cavalier Poets -- Lovelace, Suckling, Herrick -u Anglican supporters of the King u topics of wine, women, war & love u simple & easy to understand u avoided religious topics u witty & satirical u “Tribe of Ben”

Metaphysical Poets -- Donne, Herbert, later Herrick -Protestant u Not happy with the King u religious & philosophical topics u challenging, demanding, symbolic u metaphysical conceits – unusual metaphors u

17 th Century Poetry John Milton u Paradise Lost (over 10, 000 lines) u Puritan look at fall into sin u “justify the ways of God to man” u great English classic u

17 th Century Poetry John Dryden u Poet laureate of Charles II u Neoclassic style (odes & satires) u literary criticism u essayist - “father of modern prose” u translator u debater u

17 th Century Drama Ben Jonson u Comedies u - Satiric Comedy - Tragicomedy - Comedy of Manners Puritans close theater u Actresses acceptable by end of century u He was not of an age, but for all time. -- To the Memory of Shakespeare

17 th Century Prose Scientific writing u Hobbes & Locke – Philosophical writing u Izaak Walton – The Compleat Angler u John Dryden – Literary criticism u Samuel Pepys – The Diary (in code) u John Bunyan – The Pilgrim’s Progress u King James Bible u

John Bunyan Our Father which in heaven art, Thy name be always hallowed; Thy kingdom come, thy will be done; Thy heavenly path be followed By us on earth as 'tis with thee, We humbly pray; And let our bread us given be, From day to day. Forgive our debts as we forgive Those that to us indebted are: Into temptation lead us not, But save us from the wicked snare. The kingdom's thine, the power too, We thee adore; The glory also shall be thine For evermore.

Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress Written in prison u Main character is Christian u u Allegory of Christian Life u “Last great Christian classic”

Samuel Pepys – Diary Writer June 15 th The Duke of Yorke not yet come to town. The town grows very sickly, and people to be afeared of it - there dying this last wek of the plague 112, from 43 the week before - whereof, one in Fanchurch-street and one in Broadstreete by the Treasurer's office.

Watch for. . . Spelling becoming set (1 st dictionaries) u Satire - moral writing to expose evil u u Heroic couplet in poetry u Rise of comedies u Shakespeare considered “rough, uncultured” - not often performed