The case for delivering CBand services 1 Cband

The case for delivering CBand services 1

C-band facts & figures for Asia Population: 4. 46 Billion (2016) 16+ Number of indigenous C-band Satellite Systems 80+ Number of GEO C-band Satellites Serving Asia 3800+ Number of TV Channels distributed by Cband $56 B Pay TV Revenue in 2018 (MPA Report) There is no substitute for C-band Satellite Services Asia 2

Critical telecom sectors rely on FSS C-band Mobile Backhaul: the only way to bring mobile telephony to remote areas Broadcasting: the only robust way to bring TV and next generation video across the whole territory Oil & Gas: the most reliable way to connect exploration sites and offshore platforms Humanitarian Programs: C-band recognized as a standard by the UN for emergency communications Air Navigation & Meteorology Services: the only solution for high reliability and wide coverage Maritime: the only solution for vessels in remote regions/ long routes 4

Why C-Band remains the distribution platform of choice The most efficient, reliable, and economical medium for distribution of Media distribution • REACH: C-band beams cover large geographic areas, facilitate intercontinental and global communications. • ECONOMICS: 100 s of thousands of installed earth stations around the world; over a hundred satellites in orbit, global reach, and distribution efficiency Intelsat 20 at 68. 5° E (Traditional wide beams) Intelsat 35 e at 34. 5° W (Channelized multi-spot beams) • RESELIENCE: C-band has unique propagation and coverage characteristics that cannot be replicated in other frequency bands

WRC-15 IMT* 4 200 MHz 3 800 MHz 3 600 MHz 3 400 MHz 200 MHz identified for IMT in WRC-15 3 300 MHz C-band usage varies around the world IMT – WRC-15 FSS 400 MHz identified for IMT by CEPT Europe USA IMT Radio Navigation FSS No IMT identification Government CBRS FSS Under Review by FCC 300 +100 MHz identified for IMT India IMT – Announce Tier IMT-Study Tier FSS Every region has its unique spectrum needs – One size does not fit all; Asia depends on C-Band Satellites

Most of spectrum identified for IMT is not used…. • ITU Forecast for spectrum demand by 2020: 1340 -1960 MHz • Amount available in ITU Region 3: Between 1072 to 1500 MHz • Amount ‘harmonized’ in ITU Region 3: 900+ MHz • Average amount licensed in R 3 by 2019: 549 MHz • >50% of IMT spectrum is yet to be licensed! • Only a handful of Asian countries licensed mobile in 3. 4 -3. 6 GHz No more IMT identification in C-band – No WRC-23 Agenda Item!! Source: LS Telcom Study “Analysis of the World-Wide Licensing and Usage of IMT Spectrum 5 April 2019

Coverage or capacity problem? The problem in Asia-Pacific is Coverage • • Asia-Pacific remains underpenetrated Mobile Internet penetration in APAC is 41% (2017) 400 million people have no access to mobile broadband C-band mm. W are capacity bands (not coverage bands) Focus should be on digital dividend bands (700/800/900 MHz bands) India remains unconnected Source: GSMA Intelligence – The Mobile Economy; Asia Pacific 2018

FSS & mobile co-frequency sharing is NOT feasible FSS operators & mobile operators agree that co-frequency sharing is not practical • Numerous studies showed that co-frequency sharing between 5 G and FSS is not feasible • Statements made by Ericsson and Nokia to the FCC confirmed that sharing was not feasible due to large exclusion zones around earth stations • Even when 5 G and FSS operate in adjacent bands, interference into FSS will occur, unless carefully managed • 5 G signals are considerably more powerful than satellite signals; this complicates coexistence between mobile and FSS Due to millions of customers in C band there just cannot be a migration plan 5

Co-existence between FSS and 5 G in adjacent bands carefully managed – Saturate the LNB of the earth station, even if the 5 G signal is adjacent to the satellite signal – Out-of-Band-Emissions (OOBE) of the 5 G signal can cause interference to FSS signals Satellite Signal OOBE 4 200 MHz 3 700 MHz 3 400 MHz Guard Band LNB Saturation 5 G Signal • Satellite earth stations are very sensitive to terrestrial interference • 5 G signals can interfere with FSS receive earth stations in two ways: • Currently, OOBE levels specified in 3 GPP standards do not protect FSS signals in adjacent bands • How mobile and FSS can coexist side by side: 1. All earth stations must be fitted with 2. 3. bandpass filters Impose a guard band between FSS & 5 G Impose strict OOBE limits on 5 G

Role of satellites in 5 G ecosystem Satellites are a key enabler to 5 G • IMT/ 5 G is NOT about mobile technology only – it is more than just “Cellular” it is “Wireless” • 5 G is an end-to-end ecosystem of different technologies – a network of networks • 3 GPP Release includes satellite use scenarios, and Release 16 will identify use cases to integrate satellite & 5 G • By 2020 - 2025, satellite systems can deliver > 10 Gbit/s services 9

Final thoughts One size doesn’t fit all • C-band satellites is critical to Asia’s telecommunications infrastructure • 3. 4 -3. 6 GHz is available and more than adequate to meet the 5 G demands, at least for the foreseeable future –also re-farm 2 G and 3 G spectrum • Focus should be on coverage rather than capacity bands – digital dividend • When deploying 5 G in 3. 4 -3. 6 GHz, OOBE limits must be imposed on 5 G to ensure protection of FSS earth stations • Satellites have a role to play in 5 G deployment • Regulatory certainty is vital to all telecom sectors NO WRC-23 FUTURE AGENDA ITEM ON C-BAND! 10

Thank you Gaurav Kharod Gaurav. kharod@Intelsat. com +91 8800 -177 -911 11