The Cardiac Cycle The Cardiac Cycle The simultaneous

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The Cardiac Cycle

The Cardiac Cycle

The Cardiac Cycle The simultaneous contraction of both atria followed by both ventricles. n

The Cardiac Cycle The simultaneous contraction of both atria followed by both ventricles. n The cardiac cycle is all of the physiological process that are used to carry out the functions of the cardiovascular system. n Heart Sounds of the Cardiac Cycle n – The rhythm of the heart (lub-dup, pause, lub-dup…) § Lub: sound of the Av valves closing during ventricle contraction. § Dup: The sound of the semi-lunar valves during ventricle relaxation.

Heart Conduction System The heart contains specialized cells that send electrical impulse to cardiac

Heart Conduction System The heart contains specialized cells that send electrical impulse to cardiac muscle cells. n The rhythm of the heart (heartbeat) is controlled by pace-setting (pace maker) cells that control those electrical impulses. n Those electrical impulses are what stimulate the series of muscle contractions within the atria and ventricles to push blood throughout the system. n

The Cardiac Cycle The impulses follow a specific pathway in order for the cycle

The Cardiac Cycle The impulses follow a specific pathway in order for the cycle to occur properly n Sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker): Begin each cardiac cycle, initiates atrial contraction, then stimulates AV node. n Atrio-ventricular (AV) node: Sends the impulse down the AV bundle (bundle of His): n conducting fibers that run to the apex of the heart, the impulse then reaches the Purkinje Fibers (in ventricle wall), which results in rhythmic ventricle contraction.

The Cardiac Cycle n Stroke Volume: The volume of blood pumped out of the

The Cardiac Cycle n Stroke Volume: The volume of blood pumped out of the heart by one ventricle (can be either one) per heartbeat. n Cardiac Output: The volume of blood pumper out of the heart by the ventricles in a given period of time. (usually expressed as liters per minute)

Blood Pressure (Bp) n Is the force exerted by blood against the inner walls

Blood Pressure (Bp) n Is the force exerted by blood against the inner walls of vessels. n Given as two numbers in (mm Hg). n First number represents systolic pressure (heart muscle contraction). n Second number represents diastolic pressure (resting period between contractions). n Systolic/diastolic ( Example: 120/80).

Factors that Influence Blood Pressure n Blood Volume: Amount of blood occupying the space

Factors that Influence Blood Pressure n Blood Volume: Amount of blood occupying the space with the blood vessels (Hemorrhage). n Peripheral Resistance: Diameter of vessels, vasoconstriction, vasodilatation.

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