The Byzantine Empire Chapter 11 Section 1 A

The Byzantine Empire Chapter 11 Section 1

A New Rome in a New Setting Rome was divided into Eastern and Western sections. Justinian took over leadership of Rome Battled against Germanic Tribes He would reconquer all of the land Rome had ever controlled. Could be considered the new Caesar Roman emperors ruled with absolute power, like the rulers before them. High threat of Assassination Justinian unified the two Romes

Life in New Rome After unification of Rome, they looked over 400 years of law and decided to create a Justinian Code: Code of laws getting rid of old laws that were contradictory and outdated. This code consisted of 4 works: The Code contained nearly 5, 000 Roman laws that were still considered useful for the Byzantine Empire The Digest quoted and summarized opinions of Rome’s greatest legal thinkers and the laws. The Institutes was a textbook that told law students how to use the laws. The Novella presented legislation that had been passed since 534 The JC decided things that affected everyone as a whole. Marriage, slavery, property, women’s rights etc.

Life in Constantinople Justinian rebuilt Constantinople after its deterioration under Constantine. He would rebuild with classic Greek and Roman characteristics. Focused on Schools, law courts, technology, hospitals, and churches. The new capital had a hectic pace, The Mese or Middle Way was the road through the middle of town. Trade was large Mimicked a huge festival Nika Rebellions-Chariot Racers rebelled against Justinian and 30, 000 were killed.

The Fall of the Empire Justinian would die in 565, causing setbacks and street riots. The Justinian Plague broke out killing 10, 000 people a day at its height. By the time it faded in 700 AD it would destroy a majority of the empire. Foreign affairs would cause the empire to fall Diplomacy, political marriage, and military stopped the collapse for a while Eventually the empire was reduced to the tip of Anatolia and the Balkans, Constantinople would fall 100 years later to the Ottoman empire.

The Church Divides The divide between East and West Rome caused tension in the Christian Church. The ban on icons started problems with the church in the East, who used these to aid their worships. Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Orthodox Church in the East The two churches sent out missionaries to gain a following for their church and the Orthodox church worked with the Slavs, creating an alphabet for them to read the Bible. This would be the beginning of the empire of Russia.

The Mongols Chapter 12 Section 2

Nomads on the Asian Steppe Nomads are pastoralists, herd domestic animals. They spend a majority of their time on horseback, Lived in yurts Had simple tools and clothing Traveled in clans, or kinship groups. Nomadic people and settled people interacted often for trade. Known for their toughness, they often raided settled towns.

The Rise of the Mongols 1200 AD The Mongols united under the idea and want to conquer other settled areas. Genghis Khan, “universal ruler”, takes control of the Mongols and conquers most of Asia. Brilliant organizer Created a mighty fighting force Gifted Strategist Used tricks to confuse his enemies Used Cruelty as a weapon This made other settlements surrender without a fight

The Mongol Empire Genghis Khan died in 1227 from illness. In 50 years they created the largest empire in history. The mass was separated into 4 Khanates, each ruled by a Kahn Decedent: Great Kahn-Mongolia and China Khanate of Chagatai-Central Asia Ilkhanate-Persia Khanate of the Golden Horde- Russia After conquering many of the areas didn’t recover, but the Mongols were peaceful to the people they conquered. They adopted beliefs of the people they conquered and this lead to a divide of the Khanates. The Mongol Peace-was a time where Mongols allowed safe passage for traders and travelers through Mongol territory.

Kublia Khan Becomes Emperor Created the Yuan Dynasty: First dynasty to unify China The Control of the Mongols opened China to more contacts and trade He tolerated Chinese culture which allowed easier relations with people. Moving towards a settled lifestyle, Khan still wanted to conquer other civilizations, mainly Japan and the Koreas Mongols kept the Chinese out of office and kept the two people groups separate.

The End of the Mongol Rule The Mongols continued to expand their empire. Khan would die in 1294 and the family would fight over who would take over the throne. The weakness in leadership, allowed the Chinese to rebel and take over. The Mongol empire collapsed everywhere for similar reasons. The Ming Dynasty would take control of the entire areas, expect Russia, which would be conquered by Ivan the III.