The Byzantine Empire 330 1453 Aim What role

The Byzantine Empire (330 – 1453)

Aim: What role did the Byzantine empire play in the preservation and transmission of Greek and Roman culture? First… any questions on the study guide? ? Looking forward… ★ Review tomorrow, study guide due tomorrow! ★ Ancient Rome Test on Monday!!

Do Now: Think back to yesterday. What were the potential issues that came with Diocletian’s division of the Roman Empire?

Setting the Stage The Roman Empire had been divided since the reign of Diocletian in the late A. D. 200 s. As the Roman empire fell, Diocletian controlled the Western half of the Roman empire and Constantine controlled the Eastern half. By 330, Constantine had built a splendid new capital in Constantinople, on the site of the Greek city of Byzantium. The Byzantine empire, as it came to be called, drew its name from this ancient city. At its height, the Byzantine empire covered an area from Rome through south eastern Europe and Asia Minor, down to Egypt and across North Africa. Even a portion of southern Spain was once part of the empire.

Geography of Byzantine Empire ★ Constantine built capital (used to be Byzantium) CONSTANTINOPLE on Bosporus Strait ★ allowed empire to respond to dangers of WHO? ? MONGOLS/GERMAN BARBARIANS/ATILA THE HUN ★ allowed empire to PROFIT FROM RICH EASTER PROVINCES

Building the “new” Rome… why “new” Rome? ★ Roman Empire divided into EAST AND WEST in 395 C. E. ★ Like old W. Roman emperors, Byzantine emperors ruled w/ ABSOLUTE POWER/OLIGARCHY – DON’T TRUST DEMOC. ★ JUSTINIAN (527 -565) – Byzantine’s greatest emperor a. starting in 533, recovered almost all of Rome’s former territory b. created a single, uniform body of law – JUSTIANIAN CODE- which became basis of law for medieval rulers SIMILAR TO 12 TABLES AND HAM’S CODE c. launched most ambitious building program 1) churches, e. g. HAGIA SOPHIA which had huge arched domes 2) PUBLIC WORKS, e. g. fortifications, baths, schools, etc

Hagia Sophia (537 A. D. ) – The Church of the Holy Wisdom

Hagia Sophia (537 A. D. )– The Church of the Holy Wisdom

Byzantine Art & Culture ★ preserved GRECO-ROMAN culture and learning ○ WHY? BUILT OFF AN EMPIRE W/ G & R INFLUENCES ★ blended ancient GREEK, & ROMAN influences within their art & culture ★ created religious art using ICONS (holy images) and MOSAICS (pictures made from inlaid pieces) ★ PRESERVED many great works of Greece & Rome

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=D 50 IUZ PGPqg

Christian Church Divides (1054) - Eastern Orthodox vs. Roman Catholic 1. split began over church leadership: EMPEROR vs. POPE 2. disputes over USE OF ICONS divided Christians 3. continued differences led to Christian schism (split): Roman Catholic (West) Eastern Orthodox (East) ▪Services conducted in LATIN ▪Services conducted in GREEK ▪ POPE was ultimate authority ▪EMPEROR was ultimate authority (CHURCH AND STATE) ▪Priests cannot MARRY ▪Priests can MARRY ▪Divorce FORBIDDEN ▪Divorce ALLOWED

Patriarch Bartholomew, right, spiritual leader of the world’s Orthodox Christians, met with Pope Benedict XVI. - November 30, 2006

E. Decline & Fall of the Byzantine Empire 1. after Justinian’s rule, empire lost land to invaders and many people died of the plague 2. in 1193, during 4 th Crusade (Christian v. Muslim Wars), western Christians (Roman Catholics) took over Constantinople, plundering and weakening it 3. in 1453, Ottoman Turks conquered remaining Byzantine Empire 3: 00 – 4: 25