THE BRITISH LIBRARY Open Access Institutional Repositories Leadership
THE BRITISH LIBRARY Open Access Institutional Repositories – Leadership, Direction & Launch January 26, 2005
AGENDA Ø Conclusion Ø British Library’s Role In Research Ø Information Chain, Trends & Open Access Ø British Library Open Access Projects Ø Conclusion Revisited
CONCLUSION Ø BL Has a UK Statutory Responsibility To Collect, Preserve & Provide Long Term Access To Research Information Ø Open Access Models (Institutional Repositories Specifically) are Still Emerging, Developing & Maturing Ø We Must Consider All Segments Of the Information Chain When Developing Policy For Institutional Repositories Ø The BL Is Working On A Number Of Pilot & Experimental Projects To Explore Different Models For Open Access Publishing Ø We Are Seeking Partners For Collaborative Projects To Share Expertise, Risks & Costs Of Experimentation
AGENDA Ø Conclusion Ø British Library’s Role In Research Ø Information Chain, Trends & Open Access Ø British Library Open Access Projects Ø Conclusion Revisited
THE 10 -YEAR SCIENCE & INNOVATION INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK – E-INFRASTRUCTURE “The growing UK research base must have ready and efficient access to information of all kinds…This is the life blood of research and innovation. The Government will therefore work with interested funders and stakeholders to consider the national e-infrastructure (hardware, networks, communications technology) necessary to deliver an effective system. These funders and stakeholders include the British Library, which plays an important role in supporting scientific research and potential, including providing benefits to smaller business in the UK through access to science, engineering and technology information sources” Science & Innovation investment framework 2004 -2014
THE BRITISH LIBRARY National library of the UK, established by the British Library Act 1972 Accommodation for >1200 readers at St Pancras and the largest document supply service in the world Renowned internationally as one of the world’s leading research libraries Generates value to the UK economy each year of 4. 4 times public funding Over 250 years of collecting. Beneficiary of legal deposit, and £ 14. 9 m annual acquisitions budget. ~150 m items in many formats Receives £ 85 m a year in Grant-in-aid from DCMS; earned annual trading income in 2002/03 of £ 27 m Serves researchers, business, libraries, education and the general public Helping people advance knowledge to enrich lives 63% of users are academics. 80% of the UK’s top R&D companies are BL customers
UNIQUE FEATURES OF THE BRITISH LIBRARY Remit Collection The British Library is the only organisation with a statutory public good remit to collect, preserve and provide long-term access to research information for the whole of the UK We are guardians of the scientific intellectual property generated by others – we do not generate intellectual property Have by far the largest collection of information in UK, reflecting 250 years of unbroken collecting Beneficiary of UK legal deposit and UK’s biggest purchaser of material Collect all published formats, including both print and digital. In addition to journals and books, have largest collection of patents, conference proceedings and theses in world Collect from all types of sources from UK and overseas, including commercial publishers, non-profit learned societies etc Collect across all disciplines, including Science/Technology/Medicine, Social Sciences, and Arts & Humanities Unparalleled range of information services including: World’s largest remote supplier of research material Through reading rooms provide unparalleled access to breadth of resources, including print and digital sources Services
AGENDA Ø Conclusion Ø British Library’s Role In Research Ø Information Chain, Trends & Open Access Ø British Library Open Access Projects Ø Conclusion Revisited
THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS The British Library’s role Knowledge creation Researchers Storage & preservation National libraries Library consortia Submission and accreditation Researchers Publishers Certification/ peer review Publishers Printers Database managers Referees (expert researchers) Enabling resource discovery Rights management A&I services Intermediaries (e. g. , Google) Libraries Publishers Intermediaries DRM software cos. Production Enabling access Libraries Publishers Intermed-iaries Dissemination Publishers Intermediaries Interpretation Researchers Libraries (curators) Education organisations Researchers Research services * Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e. g. data is different from a journal article) Aggregation Libraries Intermediaries (e. g. , ecommunities) Booksellers Resource usage Researchers
AGGREGATION - TRENDS Aggregation Science and Engineering Indicators 2002 National Science Foundation
AGGREGATION – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES Where/Who Do We Collect From? Institutional Repositories Discipline Based Repositories Open Access Journals Traditional Publishers Authentic Copy & Duplication Preprints Author Versions Persistent Identifiers For Open Access Resources? What Should We Collect? Text Data Other Media Aggregation
THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS The British Library’s role Knowledge creation Researchers Storage & preservation National libraries Library consortia Submission and accreditation Researchers Publishers Certification/ peer review Publishers Printers Database managers Referees (expert researchers) Enabling resource discovery Rights management A&I services Intermediaries (e. g. , Google) Libraries Publishers Intermediaries DRM software cos. Production Enabling access Libraries Publishers Intermed-iaries Dissemination Publishers Intermediaries Interpretation Researchers Libraries (curators) Education organisations Researchers Research services * Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e. g. data is different from a journal article) Aggregation Libraries Intermediaries (e. g. , ecommunities) Booksellers Resource usage Researchers
STORAGE & PRESERVATION - TRENDS UC Berkeley School of Information Management & Systems. New Stored Information Grew 30%/Year Between 1999 and 2002. 92% Of New Information Is Stored On Magnetic Media Email Generates 400 Petabytes (10^15) Of New Information Each Year World Computer Disk Storage 1990 – 1999 Michael Lesk Storage & Preservation
STORAGE & PRESERVATION – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES Who Is Responsible For Long Term Preservation & Access? Funding Metadata For Long Term Preservation Migration/Emulation When Necessary Can Any Quantity Of Material Be Placed In A Repository? Current Publishing Process Filters Material Text & Data? Who Decides, Financial Constraint? Links To Other Resources Who Will Maintain Links? Will Links Persist Over The Long Term? Trusted Repositories? Storage & preservation
THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS The British Library’s role Knowledge creation Researchers Storage, preservation & conservation National libraries Library consortia Submission and accreditation Researchers Publishers Certification/ peer review Publishers Printers Database managers Referees (expert researchers) Enabling resource discovery Rights management A&I services Intermediaries (e. g. , Google) Libraries Publishers Intermediaries DRM software cos. Production Enabling access Libraries Publishers Intermed-iaries Dissemination Publishers Intermediaries Interpretation Researchers Libraries (curators) Education organisations Researchers Research services * Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e. g. data is different from a journal article) Aggregation Libraries Intermediaries (e. g. , ecommunities) Booksellers Resource usage Researchers
ENABLING RESOURCE DISCOVERY - TRENDS Crossref Passes 10 Million DOIs in January 2004 265 Publishers, 218 Libraries, 36 Vendors Various Sources Enabling resource discovery
RESOURCE DISCOVERY – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES Search Will Author Provided Metadata Create An Effective Search Experience? Will Distributed Search Work With Author Provided Metadata? Can Full Text Be Harvested From Repositories? Will All Repositories Use The Same Standards, Formats, Retrieval Mechanisms? Should We Just Use Google? Links To Find Additional Resources How Are Links To Other Resources Created And Maintained? Should These Resources Be Harvested As Well? Enabling resource discovery
THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS The British Library’s role Knowledge creation Researchers Storage, preservation & conservation National libraries Library consortia Submission and accreditation Researchers Publishers Certification/ peer review Publishers Printers Database managers Referees (expert researchers) Enabling resource discovery Rights management A&I services Intermediaries (e. g. , Google) Libraries Publishers Intermediaries DRM software cos. Production Enabling access Libraries Publishers Intermed-iaries Dissemination Publishers Intermediaries Interpretation Researchers Libraries (curators) Education organisations Researchers Research services * Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e. g. data is different from a journal article) Aggregation Libraries Intermediaries (e. g. , ecommunities) Booksellers Resource usage Researchers
RIGHTS MANAGEMENT – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES What Licencing Regime Will Be Used For Institutional Repositories? Who Owns IP & Can The Content Be Reused? Text Data Do ‘Open-Access’ Sources Always Allow Unfettered Harvesting, Preservation & Access? Document Supply & Other Secondary Business Models? Can Open Access Materials Be Redistributed? Can Operational Costs Be Recovered? Rights manage -ment
THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS The British Library’s role Knowledge creation Researchers Storage, preservation & conservation National libraries Library consortia Submission and accreditation Researchers Publishers Certification/ peer review Publishers Printers Database managers Referees (expert researchers) Enabling resource discovery Rights management A&I services Intermediaries (e. g. , Google) Libraries Publishers Intermediaries DRM software cos. Production Enabling access Libraries Publishers Intermed-iaries Dissemination Publishers Intermediaries Interpretation Researchers Libraries (curators) Education organisations Researchers Research services * Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e. g. data is different from a journal article) Aggregation Libraries Intermediaries (e. g. , ecommunities) Booksellers Resource usage Researchers
ENABLING ACCESS - TRENDS Enabling access The future of scientific communication – Andrew Odlzko Driven By Specialised Knowledge Better Communication Channels Researchers Have More Opportunities & Methods To Collaborate All Disciplines?
ENABLING ACCESS – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES Locating Sources Is There A Comprehensive List Of Institutional Repositories? Who Maintains? Should A Distributed Search Service Be Created For These Institutional Repositories? How Does This Content Relate To Other Repositories & Traditional Publishers? Should We Create A Persistent Identifier Scheme For Open Access Publications? Enabling access
THE INFORMATION CHAIN – SUMMARY Open Access Models Still Evolving It Remains Unclear How Several Parts Of The Information Chain Are Going To Work More Information Sources Will Likely Give Rise To Less Conformance To Standards How Are We Going To Create More Structured, Standards Based Resources That Researchers Can Actually Use?
AGENDA Ø Conclusion Ø British Library’s Role In Research Ø Information Chain, Trends & Open Access Ø British Library Open Access Projects Ø Conclusion Revisited
COLLABORTIVE OPEN ACCESS PROJECTS Sherpa Repository For The Unaffiliated Researcher Preserv – Led By Southampton University To Build and Test an Exemplar OAI-based Preservation Service. e. Theses Creating a National Resource for Electronic Theses Digital Preservation Projects Metadata Projects Digitisation Projects
AGENDA Ø Conclusion Ø British Library’s Role In Research Ø Information Chain, Trends & Open Access Ø British Library Open Access Projects Ø Conclusion Revisited
CONCLUSION Ø BL Has a UK Statutory Responsibility To Collect, Preserve & Provide Long Term Access To Research Information Ø Open Access Models (Institutional Repositories Specifically) are Still Emerging, Developing & Maturing Ø We Must Consider All Segments Of the Information Chain When Developing Policy For Institutional Repositories Ø The BL Is Working On A Number Of Pilot & Experimental Projects To Explore Different Models For Open Access Publishing Ø We Are Seeking Partners For Collaborative Projects To Share Expertise, Risks & Costs Of Experimentation
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