THE BRICS IN TURMOIL 5 7 of June
THE BRICS IN TURMOIL 5 -7 of June, 2017 Jalisco, México Some Trade inhibitors for agro-food trade between LACs and HDC in the Economic Integration Processes Prof. Dra. Luz Alicia Jiménez Portugal Departamento de Economía- CUCEA-UDG
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Todos los productos México exporta hacia América Latina y el Caribe 2012 28, 267, 042 1, 932, 430 2013 27, 369, 441 2, 129, 335 2014 25, 312, 954 2, 057, 877 2015 22, 253, 953 2, 141, 414 2016 19, 595, 284 2, 045, 773 Ex Mx to World/ Im ALC América Latina y el Caribe importa desde el mundo México exporta hacia el mundo Dra. Luz Alicia Jiménez Portugal 6 Agrop-food 2012 1, 111, 372, 137 96, 597, 853 24% 2013 1, 135, 852, 402 98, 085, 752 25% 2014 1, 123, 346, 031 99, 059, 168 26% 2015 1, 002, 436, 120 87, 952, 134 31% 2016 923, 111, 983 84, 630, 508 35% 2012 370, 706, 658 22, 949, 324 6% 2013 379, 949, 273 24, 523, 565 6% 2014 396, 881, 846 25, 818, 348 7% 2015 380, 600, 857 26, 933, 913 7% 2016 373, 882, 951 29, 241, 082 8%
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TARIFFS REDUCTIONS GRANTED BY MEXICO ON VEGETABLE PRODUCTS TO TRADE PARTNERS Quelle: Intradebid 8
Definition of NTMs ¡ Non–tariff measures (NTMs) are policy measures, other than ordinary customs tarrifs, that can potentially have an economic effect on international trade in goods, changing quelities traded, or prices or both. (UNCTAD, 2010) ¡ comprise different measures with distinct characteristics and possibly diverging effects ¡ does not refer to the conditions prevailing in countries, such as infrastructure, qualification and governance Dra. Luz Alicia Jiménez Portugal
NTBs ( Non-trade barriers) vs NTM (Nontrade measurements) ¡ NTB´s are generally intended as discriminatory non-tariff measurements imposed by Governments to favour domestic over foreign suppliers ¡ Examples: quotas or voluntary export restraints Dra. Luz Alicia Jiménez Portugal ¡ NTMs have the potential to substantially distort international trade, whether their trade effects are protectionist or not, example: quality standards ¡ NTMs comprise a wider set of instruments than NTBs (Nontrade barriers) 10
11 Problem to identify NTM ¡ Scarcity of databases ¡ Often hidden in legal and regulatory documents ¡ Data is not centralized, is disperse in different regulatory agencies ¡ End of 90´s, UNCTAD conducted a research ¡ Data available: only for 33 countries ¡ TRAINS NTM database is not updated and UNCTAD and Worldbank initiated a new multiyear project Dra. Luz Alicia Jiménez Portugal
12 Classification of the NTM Hard measures Price Threat measures Quality control Antidumping Dra. Luz Alicia Jiménez Portugal Intellectual Property Rights Safeguards Rules of origin (Rof. O) Distribution restrictions
13 Classification of NTM Dra. Luz Alicia Jiménez Portugal
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16 Effects of NTM ¡ Agricultural markets access is generally more restrictive than manufactured goods ¡ The restrictions is largely influenced by NTMs ¡ The restriction contribution of NTMs is more than double that of tariffs ¡ NTMs are overwhelmingly more important than tariffs in restricting access to markets Dra. Luz Alicia Jiménez Portugal
17 Fuente: Dr. Mauricio Mesquita Moreira (BID)
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19 La estrategia sugerida para la integración de Agrofoods en AL ¡ Homologar Ro. O es posible con los APC´s regionales y extraregionales ¡ Ya esta dada la compatibilidad con NAFTA, Europa ¡ No requiere nuevas instituciones ¡ No requiere nuevas negociaciones sobre Pint. Medio Ambiente, Laboral ¡ El proceso gradual ya esta dado en las integraciones existentes.
20 México´s border rejection Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards (SPS), (2015 -2016) 7; 2% 34; 10% Plaguicida Condición higienica 47; 14% Bacteria Etiquetado 197; 58% 55; 16% Etiquetado y Plaguicida Embalaje Aditivo Adulteración Dra. Luz Alicia Jiménez Portugal
21 Conclusiones ¡ Homologar en AL los SPS ¡ Homologar las Ro. O ¡ Desarrollo de un sistema único para registro de pedimentos ( parecido al Shengen) ¡ México puede cubrir su oferta en Productos Agrícolas y Alimentarios en América Latina e incluso crecer juntos Dra. Luz Alicia Jiménez Portugal
22 ¡ Muchas gracias Dra. Luz Alicia Jiménez Portugal
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