The Brain Nervous System Class Number Section Instructor
The Brain & Nervous System [Class Number Section] [Instructor Name]
Overview (Pt. 1) • • Brain Myths Complexity Development Structure – Name That Nervous System • Telencephalon
Mythbusters: 8 Myths about the Human Brain 1) Einstein’s brain was different than our brains. 2) We only use 10% of our brain. 3) Listening to Mozart makes you smarter. 4) People are either “right-brained” or “left-brained”. 5) Drinking alcohol always kills brain cells. 6) Brain damage is always permanent. 7) The heart is more important for love than the brain. 8) The human brain is larger than any other animal brain.
Evolution of the Mammalian Brain
Overview (Pt. 1) • • Brain Myths Complexity Development Structure – Name That Nervous System • Telencephalon
Complexity
Overview (Pt. 1) • • Brain Myths Complexity Development Structure – Name That Nervous System • Telencephalon
Development
Development Matching Exercise Important Terms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Neural crest Neuroblasts Neuroepithelium Neural induction Ectoderm Rostrocaudal Forebrain Definitions A. 1 of 3 layers in the embryo B. Contains the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, and hypothalamus C. Lining of neural tube D. Progenitor cells E. Neurons outside the neural crest F. Head-to-tail direction G. Process that forms neural tube
Overview (Pt. 1) • • Brain Myths Complexity Development Structure – Name That Nervous System • Telencephalon
Structure of the Nervous System Human Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Central Nervous System
Structure: Peripheral Nervous System
Name that Nervous System Parasympathetic Sympathetic Somatic
Overview (Pt. 1) • • Brain Myths Complexity Development Structure – Name That Nervous System • Telencephalon
Telencephalon Frontal Lobe Temporal Lobe Parietal Lobe Occipital Lobe
PART 2: THE BRAIN AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Overview (Pt. 2) • Mindmap Activity • The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy • • • Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques
Activity: Showercap Mindmap 1. Label each of the 4 lobes with blue label 2. Label specialized areas with green: corpus callosum, Broca’s Area, Wernicke’s area 3. Label information processing with yellow, include areas for: hearing, heat, pain and temperature, and integration of information 4. Label cortex areas in orange, include: motor, association, somatosensory, auditory, and visual
Overview (Pt. 2) • Mindmap Activity • The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy • • • Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques
The Hemispheres Left Brain § Language Hemisphere § Controls right side of body Right Brain § Visual Hemisphere § Controls left side of body Splitting is the Key
Hemispherectomy What is it? Living with half a brain Is this the norm? Is it effective?
Overview (Pt. 2) • Mindmap Activity • The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy • • • Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques
Structure: Central Nervous System Telencephalon Mesencephalon Diencephalon Myelencephalon Metencephalon
Central Nervous System: Forebrain & Midbrain Diencephalon Mesencephalon § Forebrain § Mid Brain § Thalamus - Gatekeeper § Reticular Formation + Brainstem o Lateral Geniculate Nucleus § Hypothalamus Regulation o Visual/Auditory Info
Central Nervous System: Hindbrain Metencephalon Myelencephalon § Hindbrain § Pons § Medulla Oblongata o Sensory/Motor Info § Cerebellum o Little Brain o Coordination o Basic Survival
Overview (Pt. 2) • Mindmap Activity • The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy • • • Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques
The Limbic System Amygdala § Arousal and Emotion Basal Ganglia § Movement/Coordination Cingulate Gyrus § Directing attention
Overview (Pt. 2) • Mindmap Activity • The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy • • • Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques
Brain Matters Early Brain Study § Phrenology Neuroanatomy § Post-mortem dissection § CAT or MRI Scanners Brain Matter § Gray matter Neurons § White matter Myelin
Overview (Pt. 2) • Mindmap Activity • The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy • • • Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques
Brainstem Structure § § Medulla Pons Midbrain Diencephalon Function § § Survival Sleep/Wake Cycle Sensory/Motor Function Growth/hormonal behaviors
Overview (Pt. 2) • Mindmap Activity • The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy • • • Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques
Neuroimaging Electroencephalography (EEG) Electrical Activity
Neuroimaging Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) & Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Structure
Neuroimaging Positron Emission Topography (PET) Blood Flow
Neuroimaging Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (f. MRI) Blood flow
Neuroimaging Diffuse Optical Imaging (DOI) Oxygenation & Activity
Overview (Pt. 2) • Mindmap Activity • The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy • • • Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques
Brain Manipulation Techniques Non-human experimental methods § Lesions or Ablations § Case Studies Human experimental methods § Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) § Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (t. DCS)
Photo Attribution Slide 12 Slide 19 Slide 20 Slide 26 Slide 28 Slide 30 Slide 32 Slide 33 Slide 34 Sldie 35 & 36 Slide 37 Photo Credit: Nico Ibieta https: //www. flickr. com/photos/64006960@N 00/3690647743/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/2. 0/ Photo Credit: Mike L Photo's https: //www. flickr. com/photos/8725162@N 07/5871348997/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by/2. 0/ Photo Credit: saminblue https: //www. flickr. com/photos/8170285@N 07/3321585200/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2. 0/ Photo Credit: Katie. Krueger https: //www. flickr. com/photos/22220144@N 06/2351656805/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/2. 0/ Photo Credit: MTSOfan https: //www. flickr. com/photos/8628862@N 05/10392724753/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2. 0/ Photo Credit: Tormod Ulsberg https: //www. flickr. com/photos/29891476@N 00/10911218636/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2. 0/ Photo Credit: EUSKALANATO https: //www. flickr. com/photos/euskalanato/1971827663/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2. 0/ Photo Credit: wildwise studio https: //www. flickr. com/photos/81716653@N 00/8813707262/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2. 0/ Photo Credit: bucaorg (Paul Burnett) https: //www. flickr. com/photos/bucaorg/7254702496/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2. 0/ Photo Credit: Open. Stax College http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: 1311_Brain_Stem. jpg http: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by/3. 0/deed. en Photo Credit: Ian Ruotsala http: //www. flickr. com/photos/ian_ruotsala/189736044/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2. 0/ Photo Credit: pennstatenews https: //www. flickr. com/photos/53130103@N 05/9504982576/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2. 0/ Photo Credit: Reigh Le. Blanc https: //www. flickr. com/photos/12845794@N 04/1372175973/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/2. 0/ Photo Credit: jgmarcelino https: //www. flickr. com/photos/gkpics/4542550925/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by/2. 0/ Photo Credit: Unknown NIMH author http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: NIMH_MEG. jpg http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/public_domain
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