The Brain Nervous System Class Number Section Instructor

The Brain & Nervous System [Class Number Section] [Instructor Name]

Overview (Pt. 1) • • Brain Myths Complexity Development Structure – Name That Nervous System • Telencephalon

Mythbusters: 8 Myths about the Human Brain 1) Einstein’s brain was different than our brains. 2) We only use 10% of our brain. 3) Listening to Mozart makes you smarter. 4) People are either “right-brained” or “left-brained”. 5) Drinking alcohol always kills brain cells. 6) Brain damage is always permanent. 7) The heart is more important for love than the brain. 8) The human brain is larger than any other animal brain.

Evolution of the Mammalian Brain

Overview (Pt. 1) • • Brain Myths Complexity Development Structure – Name That Nervous System • Telencephalon

Complexity

Overview (Pt. 1) • • Brain Myths Complexity Development Structure – Name That Nervous System • Telencephalon

Development

Development Matching Exercise Important Terms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Neural crest Neuroblasts Neuroepithelium Neural induction Ectoderm Rostrocaudal Forebrain Definitions A. 1 of 3 layers in the embryo B. Contains the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, and hypothalamus C. Lining of neural tube D. Progenitor cells E. Neurons outside the neural crest F. Head-to-tail direction G. Process that forms neural tube

Overview (Pt. 1) • • Brain Myths Complexity Development Structure – Name That Nervous System • Telencephalon

Structure of the Nervous System Human Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Central Nervous System

Structure: Peripheral Nervous System

Name that Nervous System Parasympathetic Sympathetic Somatic

Overview (Pt. 1) • • Brain Myths Complexity Development Structure – Name That Nervous System • Telencephalon

Telencephalon Frontal Lobe Temporal Lobe Parietal Lobe Occipital Lobe

PART 2: THE BRAIN AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Overview (Pt. 2) • Mindmap Activity • The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy • • • Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques

Activity: Showercap Mindmap 1. Label each of the 4 lobes with blue label 2. Label specialized areas with green: corpus callosum, Broca’s Area, Wernicke’s area 3. Label information processing with yellow, include areas for: hearing, heat, pain and temperature, and integration of information 4. Label cortex areas in orange, include: motor, association, somatosensory, auditory, and visual

Overview (Pt. 2) • Mindmap Activity • The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy • • • Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques

The Hemispheres Left Brain § Language Hemisphere § Controls right side of body Right Brain § Visual Hemisphere § Controls left side of body Splitting is the Key

Hemispherectomy What is it? Living with half a brain Is this the norm? Is it effective?

Overview (Pt. 2) • Mindmap Activity • The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy • • • Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques

Structure: Central Nervous System Telencephalon Mesencephalon Diencephalon Myelencephalon Metencephalon

Central Nervous System: Forebrain & Midbrain Diencephalon Mesencephalon § Forebrain § Mid Brain § Thalamus - Gatekeeper § Reticular Formation + Brainstem o Lateral Geniculate Nucleus § Hypothalamus Regulation o Visual/Auditory Info

Central Nervous System: Hindbrain Metencephalon Myelencephalon § Hindbrain § Pons § Medulla Oblongata o Sensory/Motor Info § Cerebellum o Little Brain o Coordination o Basic Survival

Overview (Pt. 2) • Mindmap Activity • The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy • • • Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques

The Limbic System Amygdala § Arousal and Emotion Basal Ganglia § Movement/Coordination Cingulate Gyrus § Directing attention

Overview (Pt. 2) • Mindmap Activity • The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy • • • Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques

Brain Matters Early Brain Study § Phrenology Neuroanatomy § Post-mortem dissection § CAT or MRI Scanners Brain Matter § Gray matter Neurons § White matter Myelin

Overview (Pt. 2) • Mindmap Activity • The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy • • • Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques

Brainstem Structure § § Medulla Pons Midbrain Diencephalon Function § § Survival Sleep/Wake Cycle Sensory/Motor Function Growth/hormonal behaviors

Overview (Pt. 2) • Mindmap Activity • The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy • • • Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques

Neuroimaging Electroencephalography (EEG) Electrical Activity

Neuroimaging Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) & Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Structure

Neuroimaging Positron Emission Topography (PET) Blood Flow

Neuroimaging Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (f. MRI) Blood flow

Neuroimaging Diffuse Optical Imaging (DOI) Oxygenation & Activity

Overview (Pt. 2) • Mindmap Activity • The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy • • • Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques

Brain Manipulation Techniques Non-human experimental methods § Lesions or Ablations § Case Studies Human experimental methods § Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) § Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (t. DCS)

Photo Attribution Slide 12 Slide 19 Slide 20 Slide 26 Slide 28 Slide 30 Slide 32 Slide 33 Slide 34 Sldie 35 & 36 Slide 37 Photo Credit: Nico Ibieta https: //www. flickr. com/photos/64006960@N 00/3690647743/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/2. 0/ Photo Credit: Mike L Photo's https: //www. flickr. com/photos/8725162@N 07/5871348997/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by/2. 0/ Photo Credit: saminblue https: //www. flickr. com/photos/8170285@N 07/3321585200/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2. 0/ Photo Credit: Katie. Krueger https: //www. flickr. com/photos/22220144@N 06/2351656805/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/2. 0/ Photo Credit: MTSOfan https: //www. flickr. com/photos/8628862@N 05/10392724753/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2. 0/ Photo Credit: Tormod Ulsberg https: //www. flickr. com/photos/29891476@N 00/10911218636/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2. 0/ Photo Credit: EUSKALANATO https: //www. flickr. com/photos/euskalanato/1971827663/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2. 0/ Photo Credit: wildwise studio https: //www. flickr. com/photos/81716653@N 00/8813707262/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2. 0/ Photo Credit: bucaorg (Paul Burnett) https: //www. flickr. com/photos/bucaorg/7254702496/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2. 0/ Photo Credit: Open. Stax College http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: 1311_Brain_Stem. jpg http: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by/3. 0/deed. en Photo Credit: Ian Ruotsala http: //www. flickr. com/photos/ian_ruotsala/189736044/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2. 0/ Photo Credit: pennstatenews https: //www. flickr. com/photos/53130103@N 05/9504982576/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2. 0/ Photo Credit: Reigh Le. Blanc https: //www. flickr. com/photos/12845794@N 04/1372175973/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/2. 0/ Photo Credit: jgmarcelino https: //www. flickr. com/photos/gkpics/4542550925/ https: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by/2. 0/ Photo Credit: Unknown NIMH author http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: NIMH_MEG. jpg http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/public_domain