The Boot Process The 4 Computer Functions Computer

The Boot Process & The 4 Computer Functions Computer Technology Created by M Corbett Lehi Junior High Based in part on a power point created by M. Guymon of Pleasant Grove High School Modified Summer 2010

Basic Terminology ¢ Computer l A device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. ¢ Peripheral devices l Devices used to expand the computer’s input, output and storage capabilities. ¢ Hardware l The electronic and mechanical devices that process the data; refers to the computer as well as peripheral devices. ¢ System Unit l Case that holds the power supply, storage devices and the circuit boards including the motherboard. ¢ Software l A computer program that tells the computer how to perform particular tasks.

The Boot Process

The Boot Process is what happens between the time you push the power button and the time that you are actually able to use the computer.

6 events of the boot process: Power up ¢ Start boot program – ROM chip ¢ Power-on self-test - diagnostics ¢ Identify peripheral devices ¢ Loads the operating system ¢ Check configuration and customization ¢

4 Functions of Computers All computers perform 4 basic tasks ¢ Input – Programs and data entered into a computer by the user. ¢ Output – Results produced by the computer and returned to the user.

4 Functions of Computers ¢ Processing - Manipulation or change of the data. ¢ Memory - Area of the computer that temporarily holds data while it is waiting to be processed, stored, or output.

The Input Function & Input Devices To make it possible for the user to enter data and programs into the computer, computers have Input Devices

The Input Function & Input Devices Examples of Input Devices are:

The Output Function & Output Devices To make it possible for the user to get results from the computer, computers have Output Devices

The Output Function & Output Devices Examples of Output Devices are:

Input & Output Devices There are some devices that can do both Input and Output. Sometimes they are installed in the computer case or system unit (internal) and sometimes they are not (external). Many involve some kind of mass data storage.

Input & Output Devices Some examples are: Internal Drives External Drives

The Processing Function The Microprocessor is usually the largest chip on the motherboard. It is also called the Central Processing Unit (CPU) The motherboard is the main circuit board for the computer

The Processing Function To make it possible to change or modify data, computers have a Microprocessor or Central Processing Unit (CPU). The Microprocessor is the brain of the computer. It controls ALL operations within the computer.

The Processing Function ¢ Data l ¢ Symbols (letters, numbers, etc) that represent facts, objects, or ideas that are not organized (have not been processed) Information l The results produced by the computer after it processes data (organized)

Motherboard Microprocessor chip (CPU)

The Memory Function Memory or Main Memory is where instructions and data are held while waiting to be executed, processed or output. Main Memory has two parts: ¢ RAM – random access memory ¢ ROM – read only memory

The Memory Function RAM – random access memory l l One or more integrate circuit chips that can temporarily hold instructions and data Very volatile • Cannot hold data when the power is off. ROM – read only memory l One or more integrated circuits that contain permanent instructions that the computer uses during the boot process.

Storage Mediums Although not one of the 4 functions of computers, storage mediums are critical to the use of computers ¢ ¢ Used to keep data when the power to the computer is turned off. Medium/media - Location where data is stored.

Resources Parsons, June Jamrich, and Dan Oja. Computer Concepts. Boston: Course Technology - Thompson Learning, 2002.