The Books of Poetry John Stevenson 2014 Pentateuch

The Books of Poetry © John Stevenson, 2014

Pentateuch Historical Books Poetic Books Prophetic Books Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 -2 Samuel, 1 -2 Kings, 1 -2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi

Book Problem God as… Man as… Job Pain & suffering On his face before God Sovereign Psalms Prayer & Worship Holy Proverbs Conduct All-wise Meaning & Ecclesiastes significance Song of Solomon Love Creator Before throne of God Receiving instruction Under the sun Lover of His In a love people relationship

Poetic Literature Wisdom Literature Psalms Song of Solomon Job Proverbs Ecclesiastes

Poetic Literature Wisdom Literature Narrator is viewed as a normal man Narrator is viewed as the wise voice of experience Touch the mind Touch the heart Focus on human emotion Love for God and for others Focus on wisdom Living before God and with others

The Book of Suffering

Chapters 1 -2 3 -31 33 -37 38 -41 Chapter 42 Historical prologue: Job Tested Historical epilogue: Job Restored Job’s three friends Elihu’s speeches God speaks Dialogue & Discourse Prose Section Poetry Section Plain language Written in pure Hebrew Highly ornate Contains many expressions characteristic of Chaldaean

Setting for the Story Uz

The Story • • • The Heavenly Challenge Job’s Calamities Satan’s Second Accusation Job’s Continuing Endurance Job’s Three Friends

The Cast of Characters • • • Job Mrs. Job God Satan Three Friends – Eliphaz – Bildad – Zophar • Elihu

Job maintains his innocence • I made a covenant with my eyes that I would not look on a woman to lust (31: 1). • I gave food and clothing to the poor and the widow and the orphan (31: 16 -20). • I did not let my own prosperity get in the way of my relationship with God (31: 24 -28).

Elihu Then these three men ceased answering Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes. 2 But the anger of Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram burned; against Job his anger burned, because he justified himself before God. 3 And his anger burned against his three friends because they had found no answer, and yet had condemned Job. 4 Now Elihu had waited to speak to Job because they were years older than he. (Job 32: 1 -4).

When God Finally Speaks. . . • He does not give Job any answers to his questions • He does not give Job any comfort in his situation

Job 38: 1 -3 Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind and said, "Who is that darkens counsel by words without knowledge? Now gird up your loins like a man, and I will ask you, and you instruct Me!

Job 38: 4 -7 "Where were you when I laid the foundation of the earth? Tell Me, if you have understanding, who set its measurements, since you know? Or who stretched the line on it? On what were its bases sunk? Or who laid its cornerstone, when the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy? "

Job 40: 1 Then the LORD said to Job, "Will the faultfinder contend with the Almighty? Let him who reproves God answer it. "

Job 40: 6 -9 Then the LORD answered Job out of the storm, and said, "Now gird up your loins like a man; I will ask you, and you instruct Me. Will you really annul My judgment? Will you condemn Me that you may be justified? Or do you have an arm like God, And can you thunder with a voice like His?

Job 42: 1 -2 Then Job answered the LORD, and said, “I know that Thou canst do all things, And that no purpose of Thine can be thwarted. ”

Job 42: 5 -6 "I have heard of Thee by the hearing of the ear; but now my eye sees Thee; therefore I retract, and I repent in dust and ashes. "

Job 42: 7 And it came about after the LORD had spoken these words to Job, that the LORD said to Eliphaz the Temanite, "My wrath is kindled against you and against your two friends, because you have not spoken of Me what is right as My servant Job has.

Job 42: 8 -9 “Now therefore, take for yourselves seven bulls and seven rams, and go to My servant Job, and offer up a burnt offering for yourselves, and My servant Job will pray for you. For I will accept him so that I may not do with you according to your folly, because you have not spoken of Me what is right, as My servant Job has. ”

Lessons from Job • God is both all-loving and allpowerful • There are no simple answers • Expression of grief & trouble is appropriate, but not to pass judgment on God • God is in control, even when it is not obvious to our eyes • God has a purpose in what he allows, even if we do not know what it is

Lessons from Job • Tragedy can serve as a wake-up call • God has not remained distant from us in our pain • Job is about God’s condemnation Will you really annul My judgment? Will you condemn Me that you may be justified? (Job 40: 8). God was condemned in Christ.

The Hymnbook of God

Characteristics of the Psalms • • • A thousand years of history Musical instruments Quoted in New Testament Relates our response to God A “sensory” book

What are the different types of Psalms? • • Praise Psalms Songs of Thanksgiving Royal Psalms Wisdom Psalms of Remembrance Psalms of Lament Imprecatory Psalms

What are some of your favorite Psalms?

Psalm 1 But his delight is in the law of the LORD, And in His law he meditates day and night.

Psalm 1: 3 He will be like a tree firmly planted by streams of water, Which yields its fruit in its season And its leaf does not wither; And in whatever he does, he prospers.

Psalm 2: 1 -2 Why are the nations in an uproar, And the peoples devising a vain thing? The kings of the earth take their stand, And the rulers take counsel together Against the LORD and against His Anointed.

Psalm 2: 6 -7 But as for Me, I have installed My King Upon Zion, My holy mountain. 7 I will surely tell of the decree of the LORD: He said to Me, “Thou art My Son, Today I have begotten Thee. ” 6

Psalm 2: 8 -9 Ask of Me, and I will surely give the nations as Thine inheritance, And the very ends of the earth as Thy possession. 9 Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron, Thou shalt shatter them like earthenware. 8

Psalm 22 -24 • • • Psalm 22. Psalm 23. Psalm 24. The Suffering Servant The Good Shepherd The Sovereign King

Psalm 33: 1 -3 Sing for joy in the LORD, O you righteous ones; Praise is becoming to the upright. 2 Give thanks to the LORD with the lyre; Sing praises to Him with a harp of ten strings. 3 Sing to Him a new song; Play skillfully with a shout of joy.

The title Elohim is used much more than is the name Yahweh

Psalm 42: 1 -3 As the deer pants for the water brooks, So my soul pants for Thee, O God. 2 My soul thirsts for God, for the living God; When shall I come and appear before God? 3 My tears have been my food day and night, While they say to me all day long, “Where is your God? ” 1

Psalm 42: 4 These things I remember, and I pour out my soul within me. For I used to go along with the throng and lead them in procession to the house of God, With the voice of joy and thanksgiving, a multitude keeping festival. • You cannot rest on yesterday’s experiences • Mutual support & encouragement

Psalm 42: 5 Why are you in despair, O my soul? And why have you become disturbed within me? Hope in God, for I shall again praise Him For the help of His presence.

Psalm 42 -43 • Psalm 43 has no superscription. • Psalm 42 is a Psalm of Lament, but has no supplication at the end unless it is found in Psalm 43 • A continuing refrain to “hope in God. ”

The Refrain Hope in God, for I shall again praise Him For the help of His presence (Psalm 42: 5). Hope in God, for I shall yet praise Him, The help of my countenance and my God. (Psalm 42: 11). Hope in God, for I shall again praise Him, The help of my countenance and my God. (Psalm 43: 5).

Psalm 45: 1 For the choir director; according to the Shoshannim. A Maskil of the sons of Korah. A Song of Love. My heart overflows with a good theme; I address my verses to the King; My tongue is the pen of a ready writer.

Psalm 45: 7 -8 Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated wickedness; Therefore God, Thy God, has anointed Thee With the oil of joy above Thy fellows. 8 All Thy garments are fragrant with myrrh and aloes and cassia; Out of ivory palaces stringed instruments have made Thee glad. 7

Prayer for individual restoration (1 -2) Confession (3 -6) Prayer for national restoration (18 -19) Thanksgiving (13 -17) Prayer for Restoration • Cleansing from sin (7 -9) • Inward renewal (10 -12)

David’s flight from Saul 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 Maskils of David Mikhtams of David “Meditation” “Golden Prayer” Lkf - To be Prudent ~t. K - Gold

Psalm 57: 1 For the choir director; set to Al-tashheth. A Mikhtam of David, when he fled from Saul, in the cave. Be gracious to me, O God, be gracious to me, For my soul takes refuge in Thee; And in the shadow of Thy wings I will take refuge, Until destruction passes by

Focus upon Israel, Jerusalem and the Temple

Psalm 73: 1 -2 A Psalm of Asaph. Surely God is good to Israel, To those who are pure in heart! 2 But as for me, my feet came close to stumbling, My steps had almost slipped. 3 For I was envious of the arrogant As I saw the prosperity of the wicked.

Psalm 73: 16 -17 When I pondered to understand this, It was troublesome in my sight 17 Until I came into the sanctuary of God; Then I perceived their end. 16

Psalm 89: 1 -2 Maskil of Ethan the Ezrahite. I will sing of the lovingkindness of the LORD forever; To all generations I will make known Your faithfulness with my mouth. 2 For I have said, “Lovingkindness will be built up forever; In the heavens You will establish Your faithfulness. ”

Psalm 89: 3 -4 I have made a covenant with My chosen; I have sworn to David My servant, 4 I will establish your seed forever And build up your throne to all generations. Selah.

Yahweh used predominantly over Elohim

Psalm 90: 1 A Prayer of Moses the man of God. 1 Lord, Thou hast been our dwelling place in all generations. 2 Before the mountains were born, Or Thou didst give birth to the earth and the world, Even from everlasting to everlasting, Thou art God.

Psalm 92: 1 -2 A Psalm, a Song for the Sabbath day. It is good to give thanks to the LORD, And to sing praises to Thy name, O Most High; 2 To declare Thy lovingkindness in the morning, And Thy faithfulness by night, 1

Psalm 92: 3 -4 With the ten-stringed lute, and with the harp; With resounding music upon the lyre. 4 For Thou, O LORD, hast made me glad by what Thou hast done, I will sing for joy at the works of Thy hands. 3

Psalm 100: 1 -3 Psalm for Thanksgiving. Shout joyfully to the LORD, all the earth. 2 Serve the LORD with gladness; Come before Him with joyful singing. 3 Know that the LORD Himself is God; It is He who has made us, and not we ourselves; We are His people and the sheep of His pasture. 1

Psalm 100: 4 -5 Enter His gates with thanksgiving, And His courts with praise. Give thanks to Him; bless His name. 5 For the LORD is good; His lovingkindness is everlasting, And His faithfulness to all generations. 4

Psalm 103 -108 For as high as the heavens are above the earth, So great is His lovingkindness toward those who fear Him (103: 11) As for man, his days are like grass; As a flower of the field, so he flourishes. 16 When the wind has passed over it, it is no more; And its place acknowledges it no longer (103: 15 -16). He established the earth upon its foundations (104: 5).

Psalm 103 -108 He has remembered His covenant forever, The word which He commanded to a thousand generations, 9 The covenant which He made with Abraham, And His oath to Isaac. 10 Then He confirmed it to Jacob for a statute, To Israel as an everlasting covenant (Psalm 105: 8 -10). 8

Psalm 103 -108 He rebuked the Red Sea and it dried up; And He led them through the deeps, as through the wilderness (106: 9) 7 God has spoken in His holiness: "I will exult, I will portion out Shechem, And measure out the valley of Succoth. 8 Gilead is Mine, Manasseh is Mine; Ephraim also is the helmet of My head; Judah is My scepter. (Psalm 108: 7 -8).

Psalm 110: 1 A Psalm of David. The LORD says to my Lord: “Sit at My right hand, Until I make Thine enemies a footstool for Thy feet. ”

The Psalms of Praise Psalms 113 -118 (Sung at Passover)

Psalm 118: 21 -23 I shall give thanks to Thee, for Thou hast answered me; And Thou hast become my salvation. 22 The stone which the builders rejected Has become the chief corner stone. 23 This is the LORD's doing; It is marvelous in our eyes. 21

Psalm 120: 1 -2 A Song of Ascents, of David. I Was glad when they said to me, "Let us go to the house of the LORD. " 2 Our feet are standing Within your gates, O Jerusalem, 1

Psalm 120: 3 -4 Jerusalem, that is built As a city that is compact together; 4 To which the tribes go up, even the tribes of the LORD-An ordinance for Israel-To give thanks to the name of the LORD. 3

Psalm 134: 1 -3 A Song of Ascents. Behold, bless the LORD, all servants of the LORD, Who serve by night in the house of the LORD! 2 Lift up your hands to the sanctuary, And bless the LORD. 3 May the LORD bless you from Zion, He who made heaven and earth. 1

Psalm 137: 1 By the rivers of Babylon, There we sat down and wept, When we remembered Zion.

Psalm 137: 2 -4 Upon the willows in the midst of it We hung our harps. 3 For there our captors demanded of us songs, And our tormentors mirth, saying, "Sing us one of the songs of Zion. " 4 How can we sing the LORD's song In a foreign land? 2

Psalm 137: 5 -6 If I forget you, O Jerusalem, May my right hand forget her skill. 6 May my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth, If I do not remember you, If I do not exalt Jerusalem Above my chief joy. 5

The Value of the Psalms • A Commentary of the Old Testament • Liturgy for Worship • A Pattern for Prayer • Wisdom for Living