The Bony Thorax Consists of three parts Sternum

The Bony Thorax Consists of three parts Sternum Ribs True ribs (pairs 1– 7) False ribs (pairs 8– 12) Floating ribs (pairs 11– 12) Thoracic vertebrae (T 1 -T 12)

The Appendicular Skeleton

Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder) Clavicle—collarbone Scapula—shoulder blade Allow for exceptional free movement

Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder)

Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder)

Upper Limbs Humerus Forms the upper arm Single bone

Upper Limbs Forearm (2 bones) Ulna Radius

Hands Carpals (wrist) Metacarpals (palm) Phalanges (fingers)

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle Formed by 2 coxal bones Coxal bones composed of 3 pairs of fused bones Ilium Ischium Pubis Total weight of body rests here!!

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle

Gender differences

The female inlet is larger and more circular bones are lighter and thinner The female ilia flare more laterally The female sacrum is shorter and less curved The female pubic arch is more rounded (accute vs. obtuse)

Bones of the Lower Limbs Femur Thigh The heaviest, strongest bone in the body

Foot Tarsals Two largest tarsals Calcaneus (heelbone) Talus Metatarsals—sole Phalanges—toes

Arches of the foot 3 arches Two longitudinal One transverse

Fibrous Joints

Cartilaginous Joints

Synovial Joints

Types of Synovial Joints based on shape

Plane Joint

Hinge Joint

Pivot Joint

Types of Synovial Joints based on shape

Condyloid Joint

Saddle Joint

Ball and Socket Joint