The BOND Project The Marseilles and Athens Campaign

The BOND Project : The Marseilles and Athens Campaign An Overview J. G. Bartzis, S. Andronopoulos, M. Kulmala, B. Larsen, M. Lazaridis, C. Lohse, P. Mirabel, C. Pilinis European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

What is BOND: BIOGENIC AEROSOLS AND AIR QUALITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA A European Project funded under the Programme : ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (Atmospheric composition change, climate change prediction and scenarios) European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

BOND PARTICIPANTS • • NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” (GR) JRC AEGEAN UNIVERSITY (GR) NILU (NO) UNIVERSITE LOUIS PASTEUR (FR) UNIVERSITY OF ODENSEE (DK) UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI (FIN) European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

BOND primary objective Fill gaps of knowledge and develop tools in quantifying the biogenic secondary aerosol component giving emphasis in Mediterranean area European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

The BOND Project-I • Perform TARGETED SMOG CHAMBER EXPERIMENTS to quantify the formation of SOA (mass yields) and individual products (molar yields) from the photochemical oxidation of selected biogenic as well as anthropogenic VOCs with a high aerosol formation potential and to identify typical constituents of the particle phase to be used • Develop an ADVANCED BIOGENIC AEROSOL CHEMICAL BOX MODULE, by incorporating the results from the laboratory experiments potentially suitable for integration to 3 -D photochemical transport models (based on SARPC 90). • Improve existing AEROSOL PHYSICAL PARAMETRIZATION BOX MODEL ( e. g. UHMA) reflecting the state of the art and the present project field measurements European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

The BOND Project-II • Establish a reliable high resolution BIOGENIC AS WELL AS ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION INVENTORY methodology applicable to Mediterranean areas. • Improve and validate a 3 -D AEROSOL/PHOTOCHEMICAL/RADIATIVE MODELLING TOOL to assess the biogenic contribution to aerosols and account for the influence of secondary organic aerosol in global warming and consequently climate change European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

The BOND Project-III • SELECT TWO REPRESENTATIVE MEDITERRANEAN REGIONS with sufficient degree of diversity AS FIELD CAMPAIGN SITES (i. e. Marseilles and Athens) : – To perform physical and chemical characterisation of PM with targeted field PM and PM precursors measurements. – To quantify the biogenic fraction on PM with field scale radiocarbon analysis and analysis of molecular markers. – To validate the abovementioned inventories and models – To quantify and predict of SOA budgets and radiative properties at regional scale European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

BOND – EAC 2004 PRESENTATIONS 1. The BOND PROJECT: Contribution of biogenic emission to the aerosol budget in the Mediterranean area: Sotiropulou R. E. P. , Tagaris E. , Pilinis C. , Andronopoulos S. , Sfetsos A. , Bartzis J. G. (ORAL) 2. Physical characterization of ambient aerosol in Marseille, France and Athens, Greece. T. Petaja, M. Dal Maso, I. K. Koponen, P. P. Aalto, M. Kulmala. (ORAL) 3. Visibility degradation due to aerosol scattering in Athens, Greece” Petaja T. , Haralambidis P. E. , Koponen J. K. , Pilinis C. , Kulmala M. (POSTER) 4. Biogenic contribution to particles in ambient air. Hansen P. B. , Lacour A. , Lohse C. , Holm H. , Clasius M. , Larsen B. (ORAL) 5. Modelling of secondary biogenic aerosols. T. Svendby, M. Lazaridis. (POSTER) 6. Classification of meteorological conditions and atmospheric particulate matter concentraions in the area of Marseille, France. Mihopoulos J. , Sfetsos A. , Andornopoulos S. , Bartzis J. G. (POSTER) 7. Particulate matter and polyaromatic compounds in air over Athens during the BOND summer campaign, June 2003. Junninen H. , Forcina V. , Amantini L. , Astorga C. , Larsen B. (ORAL) European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

TARGETED SMOG CHAMBER EXPERIMENTS Particle mass yield for the β-pinene/ozone reaction. Larsen et. al. (2003) European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

THE BOND CAMPAIGNS • Greater Marseille Area (GMA): 1 -15 July 2002 • Greater Athens Area (GAA): European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest 9 -26 July 2003 EREL

GREATER MARSEILLE AREA EXPERIMENTAL STATIONS Air pollution stations Meteorological stations +BOND stations European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

GREATER ATHENS AREA EXPERIMENTAL STATIONS European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

Marseille emission inventory 08/07/02 At 12: 00 LT Measuring Station BVOC / TVOC 0, 00 ^ Marseille Cinq Avenues ^ Marseille Prado/ Castellane 0, 01 - 0, 10 0, 11 - 0, 20 0, 21 - 0, 30 ^ Plan d'Aups/ Sainte Baume 0, 31 - 0, 40 0, 41 - 0, 50 0, 51 - 0, 60 ^ Vallée de l'Huveaune 0, 61 - 0, 70 0, 71 - 0, 80 0, 81 - 0, 90 0, 91 - 0, 99 1, 00 European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

Athens emission inventory European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

Measurement campaigns Measurements Laboratory Instrumentation Particles ü 3 -700 nm ü 0, 7 -10μm üPM 10 üPM 2, 5 üPM 1, 0 UHEL ODENSE Univ. Toulouse JRC Aerodynamic particles sizer CPC 3025 Filter folders & pumps DMPS APS Dekati PM 10 Sequantial SEQ 47/50 Hygroscopicity of aerosol particles UHEL TDMA 14 -C in particulate matter ODENSE High Volume sampler 14 -C in carbonyls (accumulation for 7 days&7 nights) JRC PUF/DNPH Light scattering coefficients of aerosol particles AEGEAN TSI series three wavelength integrated nephelometer European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

(continued) Measurement Laboratory Instrumentation Carbonyls JRC ODENSE DNPH Cadvish with O 3 scrubber Passive diffusive sampling Carbon Univ. Toulouse Filter folders & pumps Black Carbon Univ. Toulouse Aethalometer Hydroperoxides Univ. Province VOCs ODENSE NCSRD Integrated sampler Passive diffusive sampling GC/FID & GC/MS Gases (NH 3, SO 2, HNO 3, NO 2) Univ. Toulouse ODENSE Pamice samplers Passive diffusive sampling Meteorological & air quality data ULP AIRMARAIX network & AIRFOBEP network European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

Weather categorization Greater Athens Area Category Wind Speed Wind Direction Characterization Category A (CAT A) Low (2 – 3 m/s) S – SW (afternoon hours) Category B (CAT B) Strong (6 -10 m/s) N - NE Sea breeze prevail Increased pollution values Strong circulation Clean air masses over the city Greater Marseilles area Category A (CAT A) Category B (CAT B) Category C (CAT C) Wind Speed Wind Direction Characterization Low (2 – 3 m/s) S – SW (afternoon hours) Low (3 – 6 m/s) NNW Strong (6 -10 m/s) N Sea breeze prevail Increased pollution values Normal pollution levels Strong circulation Clean air masses over the city European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

AIR QUALITY IN GMA vs METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

AIR QUALITY IN GMA vs METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

AIR QUALITY IN GMA vs METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

AIR QUALITY IN GAA vs METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

AIR QUALITY IN GAA vs METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

View of Athens during two typical meteorological conditions European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

Aerosol size distribution in Marseille area on 09/07/2002 Petaja et. al. (2003) European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

Predicted PM 1 concentration distribution in Greater Marseille area at 15: 00 LST (08/07/02) (a) (c) (b) a. WITH ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS b. WITH BOTH ANTHROPOGENIC AND BIOGENIC EMISSIONS c. NET INCREASE DUE TO BIOGENIC EMISSIONS European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

BOND: Main Data Bases • Measurement campaign data(Marseilles and Athens) • Detailed (1 km x 1 km) anthropogenic and biogenic inventories for the greater Marseille and Athens areas • Data base for β-pinene with time resolved aerosol mass yields, size distribution, and product yields for complete temperature range • Database for α-pinene with time resolved aerosol mass yields, size distribution, and product yields for selected temperatures • Database for all terpenes on aerosol yields versus particle mass concentrations (α-pinene , β-pinene, limonene, myrcene, sabinene, 3 -carene, ocimene and terpinene) for O 3, NO 3 and OH reactions (referred to 310 K) European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

BOND: Modeling Tools • Gas/aerosol chemistry box model with improved the biogenic component(SARPC 90/BOND) • Improved Aerosol physical parameterization box model ( UHMA/BOND ) • Improved 3 -D aerosol/photochemical/radiative model incorporating the features of the new SARPC 90 and UHMA modules(UAM-AERO/BOND) European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

BOND : Summarizing Results-I Full assessment of the measurement and modeling results not completed yet ! European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

BOND : Summarizing Results-II • Emission inventories for both Marseille and Athens area, show important biogenic contribution • Significant increase of sub-micrometer particles during daytime in most days • Synoptic situation has a strong influence on sub-micron aerosol size distribution and hygroscopic properties and the total sub-micron aerosol number concentration is two orders of magnitude higher during polluted conditions • The biogenic fraction range of particulate matter in the Marseilles area is 38% in the city to 66% in the remote areas • Elevated PAH concentrations in the city of Athens seem to originate from traffic and more specifically from gasoline fuelled vehicles. European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL

BOND : Summarizing Results-III 3 -D simulations over Marseilles and Athens area have shown : – significant biogenic SOA contribution variable in space and time – biogenic emissions affecting significantly OC and PM concentrations as well as SO 4=, NO 3 - and NH 4+ concentrations European Aerosol Conference, 6 -10 September 2004, Budapest EREL