The Bodys Chemical Messengers Endocrine System Video 20
The Body’s Chemical Messengers
Endocrine System Video • 20 min – VHS • Answer the questions on page 9
Video Worksheet Answers 1. The endocrine system helps to maintain stability and provide for adaptation. What is another word for internal stability? HOMEOSTASIS 2. Hormones are secreted into what type of blood vessels? CAPILLARIES 3. Hormones fit into receptors of ____cells TARGET 4. Which 2 hormones are produced by the Islets of Langerhans? INSULIN & GLUCAGON 5. Without insulin, glucose cannot enter cells. The body becomes weak, dehydrated and fatigued. A disease resulting in a lack of insulin production is known as: DIABETES 6. Too little thyroid hormone results in: HYPOTHYROIDISM – WEAKNESS, FATIGUE, WEIGHT GAIN
7. What chemical, added to salt, is needed to make thyroid hormone? IODINE 8. The parathyroid glands regulate the amount of this chemical in the blood and bones: CALCIUM 9. Where are the adrenal glands located? ON TOP OF THE KIDNEY 10. Which adrenal hormone helps to control salt and water levels ALDOSTERONE 11. A disease that impairs the adrenal glands is called: ADDISONS DISEASE 12. Name the sex hormones of both genders (3 in total): TESTOSTERONE, ESTROGEN, PROGESTERONE 13. Which gland is the master gland? PITUITARY GLAND
There are two ways in which our bodies communicate messages from one place to another: 1 - Nerves are stimulated either by external means or internal means and nerve impulses transmit the message 2 - Hormones are secreted into the blood stream upon receipt of a stimulus and are transported to the appropriate TARGET CELLS where they affect their action.
Recall:
Two Hormone Types: A. Steroid hormones • fat-soluble molecules (they dissolve in fat, not water) • derived from a sterol nucleus such as cholesterol.
Two Hormone Types B. Protein Hormones • water soluble (dissolve in water, not fat) • Polypeptides (composed of amino acids)
Hormone Mechanisms • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Tg. Nwx F 3 a. Qp. E • 3: 53
Steroid Hormones vs. Protein Hormones Steroid hormone Protein hormone
Controlling Mechanisms: Steroids 1) The hormone enters the cell by diffusing through the lipid layer. 2) The hormone binds to an internal receptor. 3) The internal receptor changes shape and enters the nucleus. 4) The cell-receptor combination turns on a gene which produces a protein to affect the cell or the organism.
Controlling Mechanisms: Steroids Examples: • Estrogen • Testosterone • Progesterone • Cholesterol • Aldosterone • Cortisol • (most end with “ONE” or “OL”
Controlling Mechanisms: Steroids Summary (copy this) Steroid hormones tell a target cell what to do by telling the DNA inside the nucleus what to do. Steroid hormones turn a gene on and then the gene tells the cell to make a particular kind of protein.
Controlling Mechanisms: Proteins 1) Protein hormone binds to the membrane bound (external) receptor. 2) Interior precursor energy molecule (ex. AMP, ATP) binds to the protein/receptor complex, this becomes the second messenger. 3) The second messenger will cause activation of an inactive protein.
Controlling Mechanisms: Proteins Examples: - oxytocin - LH - All other hormones not on the steroid list
Controlling Mechanisms: Proteins Summary: (copy this) Protein hormones tell a target cell to activate certain existing inactive proteins. The protein hormone does this by providing the energy for the activation.
Assignment • Complete the Compare and Contrast chart on the back of the booklet (p. 21 and 22) • Both sides • 3 points per section » (Don’t do the bottom section) • Due at end of class
Optional Activity • See next slide
Group Acting You will now act out the effects a steroid or protein hormone! In groups of 4, have each person take the role of the following: Steroid Hormone, Internal Receptor, DNA, Protein Product. OR Protein Hormone, Membrane Bound Receptors, Energy Molecule (ATP), Inactive Protein. You will also need a speaker to describe what is happening while it is happening!
- Slides: 21