The Body Systems Chapter 6 What is Homeostasis

The Body Systems Chapter 6

What is Homeostasis? • Means “same state” • Refers to the process of keeping the internal body environment in a steady state, when the external environment is changed.

Examples of Homeostasis • Acid base balance in our blood. o Lungs remove CO 2. When they cannot, blood becomes acidic (aka sickness) o Overweight, cancer, seizures, etc. o Alcohol • Body Temperature o Working out o Out in the cold • Glucose concentration – blood sugar o Foods we eat • Fluid volume o Hydrating o Kidneys removing extra water (aka Going to the bathroom)

Levels of Cellular Organization CELL TISSUE ORGAN BODY SYSTEM

Skeletal System Helps Protect the Body o Made up of two types of materials o Calcium Salt o Protein Fiber o Blood vessels run through bones o Help provide oxygen to bone cells o Takes 20 years for the skeleton to harden fully o Osteoporosis o Calcium and physical activity help prevent Osteoporosis

Fun facts • • • How many bones are in the human body? • 206 / Infants 270 • Femur (upper leg bone) • Stirrup (inside your ear) What is the largest bone in your body? What is the smallest bone in your body?

Types of JOINTS • Hinge Joint • Elbow/Knee • Pivot Joint • Neck • Ball and Socket • Shoulder/Hip • Saddle • Thumb • Condyloid • Carpals • Gliding • Metacarpals

Muscular System Makes body movement possible • Three types of Muscles • • Voluntary/Skeletal – Under your control Involuntary/Smooth – Not under your control • Walls of your stomach • Intestine • Cardiac – Only found in the heart • Automatic muscle • Pumps blood throughout body

Tendon Ligament • Connects Muscle to Bone. • Create the motion of the bone. • Examples • Connect Bone to Bone. • Help stabilize joints. • They can be stretched to increase flexibility. • Examples (all connect tibia to femur) o Achilles Tendon o Metacarpal Tendons o o ACL MCL LCL PCL

Fun facts • Which is the hardest working muscle? • Heart ( pumps 2, 500 gallons of blood through veins each day) • Which is the largest muscle in the body? • Gluteus Maximus (Buttocks) • Masseter ( Jaw muscle; provides force up to 200 lbs) • Which is the strongest muscle in the body?

The Nervous system • Central Nervous System • • Brain • 3 lbs Spinal Cord • Peripheral Nervous System • Nerves

The Brain • Outer Layer (CORTEX) • Conscious thought takes place • Cerebellum • Maintains balance and muscle movement • Hindbrain • Controls breathing and basic body functions • Frontal Lobe • Intellectual thought • Left side • Converts thoughts into words

Does your brain control everything? • Almost, but there a few exceptions • REFLEXES • • Generates a response as soon as it reaches the spinal cord Example: When you touch something hot; you automatically (within seconds) move your hand.

Fun Facts • • Which side of your brain controls the right side of your body? Left side? Who has the heavier brain? Male? Female? • • Right Brain = Left Body Left Brain = Right Body • • Male (1375 grams)(3. 02 lbs) Female (1275 grams)(2. 8 lbs)

THE STROOP EFFECT- YOUR BRAIN CAN GET CONFUSED! TRY IT!- The famous "Stroop Effect" is named after J. Ridley Stroop who discovered this strange phenomenon in the 1930 s. Here is your job: name the colors of the following words. Do NOT read the words. . . rather, say the color of the words. For example, for the word BLUE, you should say "RED". Say the colors as fast as you can. It is not as easy as you might think!

Digestive system • Three main processes: o Digestion – The stomach breaks down food into a form the body can absorb. o Absorption – In the small intestines, nutrients are absorbed into the blood, which carries them to the body’s cells. o Elimination – Material the body cannot use passes through the large intestine and out of the body.