The biological basis of behavior liudexiang contents Neurons
The biological basis of behavior liudexiang
contents ¡ Neurons ¡ The central nervous system ¡ The peripheral nervous system
neuron
Neurons: the messengers ¡ Neurons: individual cells that are the smallest unit of the nervous system. ¡ Dendrites: short fibers that branch out from the cell body and pick up incoming messages. ¡ Axon: single long fiber extending from the cell body; it carries outgoing messages.
Neurons: the messengers ¡ Nerve: group of axon bundled together. ¡ Myelin sheath: white fatty covering found on some axons.
Types of neurons ¡ Sensory neurons: neurons that carry messages from sense organs to the spinal cord or brain. ¡ Motor neurons: neurons that carry messages from the spinal or brain to the muscles and glands. ¡ Interneurons: neurons that carry messages from one neuron to another.
Motor neurons
Types of neurons
The synapse ¡ Synapse: area composed of the axon terminal of one neuron, the synaptic space, and the dendrite or cell body of the next neuron. ¡ Neurotransmitters: chemicals released by the synaptic vesicles that travel across the synaptic space and affect adjacent neurons. ¡ Synaptic vesicles: tiny sacs in a terminal button that release chemicals into the synapse.
The synapse
The synapse
The central nervous system ¡ CNS: division of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord.
The hindbrain ¡ Area that containing the medulla, pons, and cerebellum.
Forebrain/Midbrain/Hindbrain
Cerebral cortex ¡ Frontal lobe: part of cerebral cortex that is responsible for voluntary movement; it is also important for attention, goal-directed behavior, and appropriate emotional experiences.
The four lobes of the cerebral cortex ¡ Occipital lobe: part of the cerebral hemisphere that receives and interprets visual information. ¡ Parietal lobe: part of the cerebral cortex that receives sensory information from throughout the body. ¡ Temporal lobe: part of the cerebral hemisphere that helps regulate hearing, balance and equilibrium, and certain emotions and motivations.
The four lobes of the cerebral cortex
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) ¡ Somatic nervous system: the part of the PNS that carries messages from the senses to the CNS and between the CNS and the skeletal muscles. ¡ Autonomic nervous system: the part of the PNS that carries messages between the CNS and the internal organs.
The autonomic nervous system ¡ Sympathetic division: branch of the autonomic nervous system; it prepares the body for quick action in an emergency. ¡ Parasympathetic division: branch of the autonomic nervous system; it calms and relaxes the body.
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