The Bio Tector COD TOC TN TP analyzer

• The Bio. Tector COD TOC TN TP analyzer • and patented Two Stage Advanced Oxidation process

Training Course Bio. Tector Analytical Systems Ltd. www. biotector. com

BIOTECTOR SUMMARY ü Complete oxidation of the sample with hydroxyl radicals. ü Representative sample without any filtration (up to 2 mm soft particulates). ü Self cleaning technology. ü High reliability: 86, 000 measurements per annum and over 99% on-line time. ü Low Maintenance: 6 month service intervals. ü No calibration requirement between services. ü No interference from salts or Calcium. ü Automatic range selection and multi-streaming. ü Programmable Analysis Modes: TIC & TOC, TC, VOC, TC-TIC, TN and in addition TPR, TP modules are available. ü Analyse wide range of effluents containing fats, oils, salts, de-icing chemicals, particulates, fibrous materials.

Bio. Tector Series 4 Compliance with European Norm EN 1484 Section 4: Principle states: “Oxidation of organic carbon in water to carbon dioxide by combustion, by the addition of an appropriate oxidant, by UV radiation or any other high energy radiation. ” “The final determination of CO 2 is carried out by a number of different procedures, for example infrared spectrometry, titration, thermal conductivity, conductometry, coulometry, CO 2 sensitive sensors and flame ionization detection. ”

Bio. Tector Series 4 Compliance with US EPA 415. 1 Section 2. 0: Summary of Method states: “Organic carbon in a sample is converted to carbon dioxide (CO 2) by catalytic combustion or wet chemical oxidation. The CO 2 formed can be measured directly by an infrared detector or converted to methane (CH 4) and measured by a flame ionization detector. The amount of CO 2 or CH 4 is directly proportional to the concentration of carbonaceous material in the sample. ”

Bio. Tector Series 4 Compliance with ASTM D 5173 -97 Standard Test Method for: “On-Line Monitoring of Carbon Compounds in Water by Chemical Oxidation, by UV Light Oxidation, by Both, or by High Temperature Combustion Followed by Gas Phase NDIR or by Electrolytic Conductivity (of the released CO 2 gas). ”

THE PATENTED TWO STAGE ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS: SUMMARY OF THE ON-LINE OPERATION ØSAMPLING: A representative unfiltered sample is taken containing fats, salts, particulates, suspended fibres and colloidal material. ØTIC PHASE: The inorganic carbon content is removed by an acid reagent. The CO 2 gas is sparged by oxygen and measured by an infrared CO 2 analyser. ØBASE OXIDATION: Ozone generated by the corona-discharge method is applied to a high p. H reagent to promote the production of hydroxyl radicals which results in the effective and complete oxidation of the sample. ØTOC PHASE: An acid reagent is added to remove the total organic carbon content of the oxidized sample as CO 2 gas, and this is measured by an infrared CO 2 analyser. ØRANGE SELECTION: Automatic selection of the optimum sample volume for the TOC range.

Operation of the COD TOC TN TP analyzer: TOC or Oxidation (OXP) phase.

GENERAL LAYOUT TOC – TN TP MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection MV 1 Exhaust Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads P 2 Circulation Pump TN TP Module MCR Reactor Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out P 1 Sample ACID Manual ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN

GAS FLOW (ANALYZER ZERO) MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection MV 1 Exhaust Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads P 2 Circulation Pump TN TP Module MCR Reactor Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out P 1 Sample ACID Manual ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The gas flows through the MFC, ozone generator, reactor and cooler to purge the CO 2 analyzer. The Bio. Tector sets its zero for the next reaction.

SAMPLE BYPASS MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection MV 1 Exhaust Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads P 2 Circulation Pump TN TP Module MCR Reactor Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out P 1 Sample ACID Manual ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The sample pump runs, transporting the into the Bio. Tector and through the ARS Sample In valve. This flushes any old sample from the sample line, and ensures a fresh sample for analysis.

SAMPLE INJECTION <2000 mg TOC MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection MV 1 Exhaust Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads P 2 Circulation Pump TN TP Module MCR Reactor Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out P 1 Sample The ARS Sample-In valve turns 90’ (M-V setting in the software), ACID Manual ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN

SAMPLE INJECTION <2000 mg TOC MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection MV 1 Exhaust Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads P 2 Circulation Pump TN TP Module MCR Reactor Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out P 1 Sample ACID Manual ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The sample pump runs, and injects the sample into the reactor. The sample volume injected depends on the TOC range, a low range requires a large, 8 ml sample.

SAMPLE INJECTION <2000 mg TOC MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection MV 1 Exhaust Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads P 2 Circulation Pump TN TP Module MCR Reactor Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out P 1 Sample The ARS Sample-In valve turns 90’ (M-V setting in the software), ACID Manual ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN

TIC ACID INJECTION <2000 mg TOC MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection MV 1 Exhaust Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads P 2 Circulation Pump TN TP Module MCR Reactor Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out P 1 Sample ACID Manual ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The acid pump and injection valve flush the sample into the reactor with acid. The circulation pump mixes the acid with the sample. The p. H in the reactor is <1.

SAMPLE INJECTION >2000 mg TOC MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection MV 1 Exhaust Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads P 2 Circulation Pump TN TP Module MCR Reactor Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out P 1 Sample ACID Manual ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The ARS Sample-In valve turns 180’ (M-F 180 setting in the software), and the sample injected by the TIC acid is the sample contained within the valve when it turns. Several fixed volumes are available, from 0. 12 ml (10, 000 mg TOC) to 0. 02 ml (up to 100, 000 mg TOC with extended oxidation).

TIC ACID INJECTION >2000 mg TOC MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection MV 1 Exhaust Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads P 2 Circulation Pump TN TP Module MCR Reactor Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out P 1 Sample ACID Manual ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The acid pump and injection valve flush the sample into the reactor with acid. The circulation pump mixes the acid with the sample. The p. H in the reactor is <1.

TIC SPARGING MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection MV 1 Exhaust Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads P 2 Circulation Pump TN TP Module MCR Reactor Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out P 1 Sample ACID Manual ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The ARS Sample-In valve turns 180’. Any TIC in the sample reacts with the acid liberating CO 2 gas. This is sparged from the liquid with the sparge gas, and is measured in the CO 2 analyser.

TOTAL INORGANIC CARBON REACTION GRAPH The reaction graph screen on the Bio. Tector records the CO 2 gas as it is sparged from the acidic liquid in the reactor and measured in the CO 2 analyzer. The accurate Mass Flow Controller provides a stable gas flow for the sparging process, and the microprocessor in the Bio. Tector calculates the total quantity of CO 2 gas released from the liquid to provide an accurate result. If the Bio. Tector detects an unexpected high TIC reading, it automatically extends the TIC time until all the TIC is sparged.

SELF CLEANING TECHNOLOGY MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection MV 1 Exhaust Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads TN TP Module MCR Reactor Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out P 1 Sample ACID Manual ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN While the TIC is sparging, the cleaning valve operates and the sample pump runs in reverse. The spent acid from the previous reaction is used to clean the sample line back to the sample inlet point.

BASE INJECTION MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection MV 1 Exhaust Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads TN TP Module Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out P 1 Sample Sodium hydroxide is injected into the reactor with the base pump, and the p. H is increased to >13. ACID Manual ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN

BASE OXIDATION MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST MV 1 Exhaust SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads P 2 Circulation Pump TN TP Module Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out ACID Manual P 1 Sample The ozone generator is switched on, and this converts the oxygen into ozone. At p. H>13, the ozone reacts with the hydroxide ions and forms hydroxyl radicals. These oxidise the organic carbon into carbonate or oxalate. This oxidation process completely cleans the reactor of organic material. ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN

TOC ACID INJECTION MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection MV 1 Exhaust Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads TN TP Module Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out ACID Manual P 1 Sample After oxidation is complete, the acid valve and acid pump operates, and acid is injected into the reactor. The p. H is reduced to <1. ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN

TOC 2 nd STAGE OXIDATION MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection MV 1 Exhaust Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads P 2 Circulation Pump TN TP Module Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out ACID Manual P 1 Sample At p. H<1, two reactions take place. In the first, the ozone generator remains on and ozone oxidizes the manganese in the acid. The oxidized manganese reacts with the oxalate to produce CO 2 gas, which is sparged and measured as TOC. The oxidized manganese produces the pink colour in the liquid in the reactor. ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN

TOC SPARGING MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection MV 1 Exhaust Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads P 2 Circulation Pump TN TP Module Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out ACID Manual P 1 Sample In the second simultaneous reaction, the acid reacts with carbonate to produce CO 2 gas, which is sparged and measured as TOC. Ozone is not required for this process. ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN

TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON REACTION GRAPH The reaction graph screen on the Bio. Tector records the gas as it is sparged from the acidic liquid in the reactor and measured in the CO 2 analyzer. The TOC result is the total quantity of CO 2 gas released from the liquid, from both the simultaneous oxalate and carbonate reactions. If the Bio. Tector detects an unexpected high TOC reading, it automatically extends the TOC time until all the CO 2 is sparged.

REACTOR PURGE MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection MV 1 Exhaust Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads P 2 Circulation Pump TN TP Module MCR Reactor Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out P 1 Sample ACID Manual ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The MFC increases the gas flow to 80 LPH, the exhaust valve is closed and the sample out valve opened. The acidic, oxidized fluid in the reactor is purged, and collected in the oxidized fluid catch-pot, where its characteristic pink colour generated by the oxidized manganese should be visible.

ANALYZER PURGE MFC Mass Flow Controller MV 51 Purge OXYGEN O 2 Regulator MV 7 Injection MV 1 Exhaust Ozone Destructor CO 2 Analyzer MV 4 Sample In Ozone Generator EXHAUST SAMPLE OUT Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Cooler Glass beads P 2 Circulation Pump TN TP Module MCR Reactor Cleaning DRAIN P 4 Base Pump BASE MV 6 Acid P 3 Acid Pump Zero MV 5 Sample Out P 1 Sample The gas flows through the MFC, ozone generator, reactor and cooler to purge the CO 2 analyzer. ACID Manual ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN

Operation of the COD TOC TN TP analyzer: Liquid Phase Analysis (LQP) phase.

Operational sequencing between Oxidation (OXP) and Liquid Phase (LQP) reactions. OXP TN/TP OXP TN/TP The basic operational sequence is shown above. At the end of each OXP reaction, when the reactor purge is complete, Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) are measured.

GENERAL LAYOUT N Pump DRAIN HCl P Pump 405 nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer Detector module. 217 nm detector 265 nm detector DRAIN 485 nm detector HCl DRAIN Cleaning Cell DIW P REAGENT P Reagent NP Sample P Reagent Diversion Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot DRAIN Boiler Drain DIW Sample loop Boiler DRAIN CLEANING Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve The primary components required to measure Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus is the Phosphorus Reagent, Phosphorus Heated Mixer, HCl reagent, Phosphorus boiler and the Photometer with two measuring cells and appropriate filter sets. To OXP Sample out valve SAMPLE OUT

OXIDATION FLUID CATCH-POT FILL N Pump DRAIN HCl P Pump 405 nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer Detector module. 217 nm detector 265 nm detector DRAIN 485 nm detector HCl DRAIN Cleaning Cell DIW P REAGENT P Reagent NP Sample P Reagent Diversion Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot DRAIN Boiler Drain DIW Sample loop Boiler DRAIN CLEANING Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve At the end of the OXP reaction, the acidic oxidized fluid from the OXP reactor is purged, and collected in the oxidized fluid catch-pot. This liquid contains all forms of nitrogen oxidised by the Bio. Tector to NO 3. Any organic phosphorus in the sample has also been broken down to PO 4. To OXP Sample out valve SAMPLE OUT

TN MEASURING CELL FILL HCl REAGENT FILL N Pump DRAIN HCl P Pump 405 nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer Detector module. 217 nm detector 265 nm detector DRAIN 485 nm detector HCl DRAIN Cleaning Cell DIW P REAGENT P Reagent NP Sample P Reagent Diversion Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot DRAIN Boiler Drain DIW Sample loop Boiler DRAIN CLEANING Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve Nitrogen analysis: The N pump runs, pumping the oxidized fluid from the catch-pot into the cell. Phosphorus analysis: The HCl reagent pump runs, pumping HCl to the Phosphorus heated mixer. Configuration Option: If the configuration does not include a nitrogen module, the N pump runs to fill the loop between the sample in valve and sample loop valve. To OXP Sample out valve SAMPLE OUT

TN MEASURE N Pump DRAIN HCl P Pump 405 nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer Detector module. 217 nm detector 265 nm detector DRAIN 485 nm detector HCl DRAIN Cleaning Cell DIW P REAGENT P Reagent NP Sample P Reagent Diversion Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot DRAIN Boiler Drain DIW Sample loop Boiler DRAIN CLEANING Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve Nitrogen analysis: The Flash Lamp is activated, and the TN in the form of NO 3 - is measured. The measuring frequency is 217 nm, the through-cell reference is 265 nm and this data is used with the cell zero readings to calculate the TN result. Typically, three separate measurements are carried out, with the N pump running for 1 seconds between each measurement. To OXP Sample out valve SAMPLE OUT

PUMP PHOSPHORUS SAMPLE TO MIXER N Pump DRAIN HCl P Pump 405 nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer Detector module. 217 nm detector 265 nm detector DRAIN 485 nm detector HCl DRAIN Cleaning Cell DIW P REAGENT P Reagent NP Sample P Reagent Diversion Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot DRAIN Boiler Drain DIW Sample loop Boiler DRAIN CLEANING Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve Phosphorus analysis: The P pump runs, and the phosphorus sample which was in the loop between the sample in and sample loop valves is taken into the Phosphorus heated mixer, where it is mixed with the HCl. To OXP Sample out valve SAMPLE OUT

EMPTY TN TUBES, FILL BOILER N Pump DRAIN HCl P Pump 405 nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer Detector module. 217 nm detector 265 nm detector DRAIN 485 nm detector HCl DRAIN Cleaning Cell DIW P REAGENT P Reagent NP Sample P Reagent Diversion Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot DRAIN Boiler Drain DIW Sample loop Boiler DRAIN CLEANING Phosphorus Boiler Nitrogen analysis: The N pump runs in reverse, returning the oxidized fluid from the cell to the catch -pot. The OXP sample pump then uses the oxidized fluid in its reverse cleaning process, emptying the oxidized fluid catch pot. Note: If the OXP sample pump reverse time is not set, for example if a span calibration is run, then the oxidized fluid is pumped to drain by the N pump, not into the oxidized fluid catch pot (not shown on presentation). Phosphorus analysis: The P pump runs, and the HCl / phosphorus sample which was in the mixer is pumped into the boiler. To OXP Cleaning valve To OXP Sample out valve SAMPLE OUT

BOIL ACIDIFIED SAMPLE N Pump DRAIN HCl P Pump 405 nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer Detector module. 217 nm detector 265 nm detector DRAIN 485 nm detector HCl DRAIN Cleaning Cell DIW P REAGENT P Reagent NP Sample P Reagent Diversion Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot DRAIN Boiler Drain DIW Sample loop Boiler DRAIN CLEANING Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve The HCl / Phosphorus sample is centred and sealed in the boiler, and boiled (hydrolyzed) typically for 6 minutes as 100ºC. This converts the poly phosphates to ortho phosphate, PO 4. While the sample is boiling, the Bio. Tector can continue with other measurements. To OXP Sample out valve SAMPLE OUT

FOR THE TP MEASUREMENT, P REAGENT FILL N Pump DRAIN HCl P Pump 405 nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer Detector module. 217 nm detector 265 nm detector DRAIN 485 nm detector HCl DRAIN Cleaning Cell DIW P REAGENT P Reagent NP Sample P Reagent Diversion Boiler DRAIN Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve After boiling (hydrolysis) the TP measurement starts. The P reagent pump runs, and pumps the P reagent into the heated mixer. DIW Sample loop DRAIN Boiler Drain CLEANING To OXP Sample out valve SAMPLE OUT

PUMP FLUID IN BOILER TO MIXER N Pump DRAIN HCl P Pump 405 nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer Detector module. 217 nm detector 265 nm detector DRAIN 485 nm detector HCl DRAIN Cleaning Cell DIW P REAGENT P Reagent NP Sample P Reagent Diversion Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot DRAIN Boiler Drain DIW Sample loop Boiler DRAIN CLEANING Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve Phosphorus analysis: The P pump runs, and the HCl / phosphorus sample which was hydrolyzed in the boiler is pumped into the mixer. To OXP Sample out valve SAMPLE OUT

HEAT/MIX HYDROLYZED PHOSPHORUS SAMPLE N Pump DRAIN HCl P Pump 405 nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer Detector module. 217 nm detector 265 nm detector DRAIN 485 nm detector HCl DRAIN Cleaning Cell DIW P REAGENT P Reagent NP Sample P Reagent Diversion Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot DRAIN Boiler Drain DIW Sample loop Boiler DRAIN CLEANING Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve Phosphorus analysis: The P pump runs, mixing the hydrolyzed phosphorus sample and reagent in the Phosphorus heated mixer at 45º. To OXP Sample out valve SAMPLE OUT

P MEASURING CELL FILL N Pump DRAIN HCl P Pump 405 nm detector Detector module. 265 nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer 217 nm detector 485 nm detector HCl DRAIN Cleaning Cell DIW P REAGENT P Reagent NP Sample P Reagent Diversion Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot DRAIN Boiler Drain DIW Sample loop Boiler DRAIN CLEANING Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve Phosphorus analysis: The P pump runs, pumping the coloured phosphorus sample into the measuring cell. To OXP Sample out valve SAMPLE OUT

TP MEASURE N Pump DRAIN HCl P Pump 405 nm detector Detector module. 265 nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer 217 nm detector 485 nm detector HCl DRAIN Cleaning Cell DIW P REAGENT P Reagent NP Sample P Reagent Diversion Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot DRAIN Boiler Drain DIW Sample loop Boiler DRAIN CLEANING Phosphorus Boiler Phosphorus analysis: The Flash Lamp is activated, and the Total Phosphorus in the form of PO 4 is measured. The measuring frequency is 405 nm, the through-cell reference is 485 nm and this data is used with the cell zero readings to calculate the Phosphorus result. Typically, three separate measurements are carried out, with the P pump running for 1 seconds between each measurement. To OXP Cleaning valve To OXP Sample out valve SAMPLE OUT

P MEASURING CELL EMPTY N Pump DRAIN HCl P Pump 405 nm detector Detector module. 265 nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer 217 nm detector 485 nm detector HCl DRAIN Cleaning Cell DIW P REAGENT P Reagent NP Sample P Reagent Diversion Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot DRAIN Boiler Drain DIW Sample loop Boiler DRAIN CLEANING Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve Phosphorus analysis: The P pump runs, and returns the coloured phosphorus sample to the heated mixer To OXP Sample out valve SAMPLE OUT

HEATED MIXER EMPTY N Pump DRAIN HCl P Pump 405 nm detector Detector module. 265 nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer 217 nm detector 485 nm detector HCl DRAIN Cleaning Cell DIW P REAGENT P Reagent NP Sample P Reagent Diversion Boiler DRAIN DIW Sample loop Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot DRAIN Boiler Drain CLEANING Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve Phosphorus analysis: The P pump runs, and the mixer is emptied to drain. To OXP Sample out valve SAMPLE OUT

This completes the operation of the Bio. Tector COD TOC TN TP analyzer