The Berlin Blockade Learning Objectives To know what

The Berlin Blockade Learning Objectives • To know what was Marshall Aid was and what the Berlin blockade was. • To explain why Stalin created the Berlin Blockade. • To evaluate how effective Stalin’s blockade was. Unit 1 Exam Key Topic 1 : How did the Cold War develop?

What were the effects of Marshall Aid? Discuss what you think the main message of this cartoon is.

L. O: Evaluate the effects of Marshall Aid and Stalin’s response to the creation of West Germany? This cartoon of 1 October 1947 by EH Shepard for the British magazine Punch shows Marshall (on the left) telling 'Uncle Sam' - i. e. the American nation - that American Aid is needed to shore up the countries of western Europe: 'Come on Sam! It's up to us again. '

How do I analyse a source in detail? You must comment on: What you see. How it effects its audience. Explain its overall meaning in its historical context!

• What do you see? Building labelled western Europe about to fall; the prop ‘self help’ is not strong enough to stop it from falling. • How it effects its audience? The rickety building suggests neglect and failure -Europe’s problems were its own fault. • Explain meaning War has ruined western Europe democracies and therefore they can’t get going again. So, are in real danger of succumbing to communism.

• What do you see? Marshall with his sleeves rolled up, lifting the huge prop labelled ‘American aid’. • How it effects its audience? Marshall’s rolled up sleeves suggest his attitude is one of determination. • Explain meaning He believed that pumping money into the European economy would get it going again. (Western Germany was included in the Marshall plan).

• What do you see? Uncle Sam (ie American population) sat on the prop smoking a cigarette. • How it effects its audience? Would appear that he is resisting the act by sitting on top of the act and stopping Marshall from getting to work. • Explain meaning Many Americans believed in isolationism (did not see why they should give up their taxpayers taxes and were opposed to Marshall’s plan).

• What do you see? American house very affluent. It has lots of tools – shovel and ladder. • How it effects its audience? Reminds us of Churchill's request during the war: “ give us the tools and we will finish the job”. • Explain meaning Only America has the wealth and economic strength to get European economy going again.

• What do you see? Western Europe house about to fall on wealthy American house. • How it effects its audience? In the rich American’s house interest to mend the house next door. • Explain meaning If western Europe falls to communism America will be next.

• What do you see? The house named western Europe. • How it effects its audience? Specifically western rather than all of Europe. • Explain meaning Marshall’s aid plan originally for all of Europe to end hunger (and potentially allow American companies to trade with other countries) but Stalin had made the iron curtain countries pull out as he realised with the money there would also be a commitment to ‘western ideas’.

Super powers did not want to restore Germany’s military power, but rather restore the economy – therefore the western part of Germany was included in the Marshall plan. This ultimately ended in the USA, French and British zones combining.

Stalin’s response to the creation of west Germany: The Berlin blockade http: //apps. nationalarchives. gov. uk/education/focuson/film/ film-archive/player. asp? cat. ID=3&sub. Cat. ID=3&film. ID=8

• American https: //www. youtube. co m/watch? v=5 Go. IL 9 g. Von. Q

Source analysis challenge You will now complete a silent discussion!!? ? ? • Read sources attached to the table and annotate around them with you thoughts/analysis • Read and respond to what other people have written To know what was Marshall Aid was and what the Berlin blockade was. To explain why Stalin created the Berlin Blockade.

Summary West Berlin Blockade • British, American and French zones combined to form west Germany. They also combined their zones in Berlin and became Bizonia. • Allies introduce the Deutschmark to west Germany and it soon began to prosper. • Stalin worried that a prosperous western Germany would be a threat to the soviets security (and its communist ways). • Stalin decided to try and stop the economic development of western Germany. • 24 th June Stalin decided to blockade west Berlin by cutting off both roads and rail roads as a result of the introduction of the Deutschmark. • Stalin thought that the allies would have to send tanks to smash through the blockade - such action would be seen as an act of war. Stalin doubted that the western powers would go that far, he thought they would abandon their zones and leave the whole of Berlin in Soviet hands.

Consequences of the Berlin Blockade To evaluate how effective Stalin’s blockade was.

Exam Question: What were the key features of the Berlin Blockade? Write a response explaining how and why Stalin tried to stop the economic development of western Germany by taking steps such as the Berlin blockade. - Describe what was Marshall Aid was and what the Berlin blockade was. - Explain why Stalin created the Berlin Blockade. - Consider how effective Stalin’s blockade was. EXT: Create a plan on how you would overcome blockade.

Swap books. . . to peer assess! Factors • WWW (what went well) • EBI (Even better if) Comments Described Marshall Aid Described the Berlin Blockade Explained how and why Stalin decided to blockade west Berlin Commented on how effective the Berlin Blockade was WWW: EBI:

Factors to include Check list Annotate- not discussed/brief /detailed Described Marshall Aid Factors to include Described Marshall Aid Described the Berlin Blockade Explained how and why Stalin decided to blockade west Berlin Commented on how effective the Berlin Blockade was WWW: Annotate- not discussed/brief /detailed EBI: WWW: EBI: