The Berkeley linguistic archives Leanne Hinton and Andrew

The Berkeley linguistic archives Leanne Hinton and Andrew Garrett University of California, Berkeley

The Berkeley linguistic archives 1. The archives 2. Digitization 3. Access & rights

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights California's linguistic diversity More, and more genealogically diverse, native languages than any comparably sized area in the western hemisphere Compare color density: California vs. elsewhere in N. America

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights California's linguistic A "tribal group" here may diversity correspond to a language or to a set of (not always mutually intelligible) languages.

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights Four linguistic archives at Berkeley • Berkeley has the largest university archive of native language documentation in the U. S. It is one of the five major U. S. linguistic archives (with the ANLC, APS, NAA, and SIL). • Material from after 1950 (and a bit of earlier material) – Survey of California and Other Indian Languages: paper material – Berkeley Language Center: audio recordings • Material from before 1950 (and some later material) – Bancroft Library: paper material – Hearst Museum of Anthropology: audio recordings

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights The Survey of California and Other Indian Languages

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights Survey of California and Other Indian Languages: Archive contents • Collection: 1, 942 separate cataloged items • Various formats – – – field notebooks file slips loose sheets unpublished manuscripts & typescripts microfilm dried botanical specimens

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights Inside a Survey cabinet A typical file cabinet in the Survey

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights A. M. Halpern, Pomoan language(s), around 1940

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights A major "misplaced" ms: J. P. Harrington, Chochenyo (Ohlone), 1920 s (several 100 pp. ) This was the only significant documentation of the now long-dead native language of the East (S. F. ) Bay. (It doesn't belong to us; we'll return it to the Smithsonian sometime soon, I hope. )

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights Berkeley Language Center: Archive contents • Collection: 206 separate audio series • A representative series – – – LA 113 Wintu language Collected by Alice (Schlichter) Shepherd in 1975 -80 51 hours 19 minutes Segmented into 450 distinct items, e. g. Segment 4, "Bear Song and explanation" • Most series are shorter than LA 113, some are longer

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights Bancroft Library

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights Bancroft Library: A few of the important language documentation collections • Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta – Notebook documenting Mutsun and other California languages, 1810 -1819, 172 pp. – Manuscript vocabulary and grammar of Mutsun (Ohlone), 1815, 94 pp. • A. L. Kroeber Papers – 38 boxes + 21 cartons + 14 vols. + 8 oversize folders = c. 44 linear feet – linguistic field notes: 6 boxes + 5 cartons + 6 vols. + 3 oversize folders • Department of Anthropology records (field notes of many scholars over many years, esp. early in the 20 th century) • More recently: field notes and papers of Mary Haas, Murray B. Emeneau, etc.

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights Bancroft Library archives

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights Hearst Museum of Anthropology: Linguistic archives • Collection: 112 pre-1931 audio series + 437 further recordings collected after 1931 • A representative series (typical length) – – series 63 Central Sierra Miwok language collected by E. W. Gifford in 1913 (on wax cylinders) contains 32 individual items, ranging in duration from 21 seconds to 31 minutes – Contents: "Myth of how fire was obtained", "Story of the Grizzly Bear and the Deer", etc.

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights Hearst Museum, parts of the sound & film collection

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights Digitization of the Berkeley archives • Berkeley Language Center (post-1950 audio) – – funded by NEH Preservation & Access grant, 2004 -2006 about half-way through digitization of the full collection all digital audio conforms to archival digital audio standards functioning web interface • Survey of California and Other Indian Languages (post-1950 paper) – – exploratory grant from the Salus Mundi Foundation we are just beginning (3 -4 collections done as of now) all images conform to archival digital image standards no web interface yet • Hearst Museum (pre-1950 audio) – digitization discussions just beginning • Bancroft Library (pre-1950 paper)

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights Recordings whose boxes have a blue label have been digitized. Berkeley Language Center

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights Working on the digitization project Segmentation and indexing

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights Berkeley Language Center digitization: CDs archived at Berkeley and in Davis; web-served from hard disk

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights Serrano language recordings made by Wick Miller in 1959

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights Survey digitization work

Berkeley archives: The archives • Digitization • Access & rights Access issues • Berkeley Language Center (post-1950 audio) – all access subject to conditions imposed by donors (linguists) – most collections are freely accessible in person or (if the digitization is done) on the web – in a few complex cases access rights are disputed and are still being negotiated (indigenous communities disagreeing, or linguists disagreeing with heritage communities); these are interesting but confidential • Survey of California and Other Indian Languages (post-1950 paper) – free public access in person (no digitized images online yet) – 90% of users are members of native communities – for new donations, donors are asked to stipulate access conditions • Hearst Museum and Bancroft Library (pre-1950 collections) – free public access in person (no digitization yet) – collections are treated as archived papers of the donor