The Benefits of Open Data Sharing Zdenka Willis

The Benefits of Open Data Sharing Zdenka Willis Director, U. S. IOOS National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) US Group On Earth Observations – USGEO, Vice Chair 1

NOAA: Making Science Matter ENVIRONMENTAL DOMAIN AWARENESS Observations Tools & Services Monitoring Assessment Modeling 2

3

Credit: Glynn Gorick- IOC GOOS Project Office 4

Full and Open Availability of Data • United States Policy is that all data collected with governmental funds will be full, open and available in a timely manner. • Not just a longstanding policy but a pragmatic necessity. • Operational use requires near real-time or low latency data and the ability to redistribute data and data products. • Inter-calibrated data from various satellite and in-situ data sources are integrated in NOAA’s satellite data products. • No one agency or nation can afford to fund all the Earth Observations needed for global environmental monitoring and disaster response. 5

Information drives decisions • A bad environmental decision impacts lives, property and segments of the economy for years. • What if there were no weather warnings or forecasts, tsunami and flood alerts, space weather, fire and drought reports and predictions, ice monitoring or harmful algal bloom assessments? • Decision support tools are essential and must be easy to comprehend. 6

Without The U. S. public wouldn’t have: 24% of wine 99% of shoes 97% of clothes Almost all personal electronics 100% of 7

We couldn’t move Without: Ocean Observations and Forecasts IOOS – Regional Funded by NOAA "The coast of Maine supports mutli-million dollar fishing and tourism industries so when making decisions about bringing a 700 foot tanker full of fuel into port we need the best ocean and weather information possible, which is why we depend on IOOS buoy observations and forecasts to ensure safety and efficiency of these critical operations. " NOAA’s PORTS® • 23 Sites Captain David Gelinas, Penobscot River and Bay Pilot LA/Long Beach 8

Sharing Data: Disaster Response Deep Water Horizon Where is the oil? Is my seafood safe? What are the impacts on sea turtles and marine mammals? How would a hurricane impact the oil spill? Is the air safe? • Started April 20, 2010 • Well sealed on Sept 19, 2010. • 4. 9 M Barrels of Sweet Heavy Crude Released.

Satellites & Planes NOAA’s geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites help produce accurate, daily weather forecasts NOAA aircraft conducted multi-spectral scan surveys of marsh/coastline survey flights NOAA WP-3 D Orion aircraft Tracked loop current Assisted EPA w/air quality monitoring

Vessels Collecting & surveying impacts to varieties of fish/mammals and seafood safety sampling Performing sub-surface testing to determine presence of oil and monitor water quality THOMAS JEFFERSON GORDON GUNTER PISCES DELAWARE II Numerous

Adaptive/Integrated Ocean Observing Approach

US IOOS Response to DWH • Quickly deploy technologies: Gliders and HF radar, saving resources/improving safety USM HFR • Models/Imagery ingested into TS Bonnie NOAA/Navy models • Data assimilation improved spill response decision-making and public understanding Web Portal HFR data informed NOAA trajectory forecasts USF HFR validation of SABGOM Forecast with satellite detected oil slicks Briefing Blog

Sharing Data: Saving Industry OCEAN ACIDIFICATION 14

Sharing Data: Saving Lives 15

Sharing Data: Saving Lives 96 hr: Without HFR (36, 000 Km 2) 96 hr: With HFR (12, 000 Km 2) 16

Global HF Radar Network 35 Countries with HF Radar for oceanographic purposes Sharing data

Data Sharing: Scientific Discovery

Economic Benefit of Full and Open Data Policy • U. S. government data policy – Government information is a valuable national resource – Government information is a public good • U. S. experience – Economic benefits are maximized when it is full and open without restriction – Common platform for use by many innovators 19

Landsat Data: Benefits of Open Data Total Landsat Scenes Provided to Users Since 01 January 2008 20 Scenes in Millions 18 16 • Data delivered to 186 countries 14 • User shift to multi-year scenes at same location 12 • Exceeded 9 million scenes to date 10 8 6 Free data policy October 1, 2008 4 2 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Actual Web-enabled Scenes Delivered (Cumulative) 20

The Meteorological Service Industry • Valued at $3 B/annum In the US and $6 B/annum globally (with much larger values for derived products, eg weather risk products ~ $8 B/annum • Is there an equivalent Ocean Enterprise? 21

UK Marine Technology and Services Key Findings • Commercial Marine Science and Technology more than doubled since 2010 • Market confidence is high: 81% forecast growth in the market • Small to Medium companies dominate the sector

Where and what type are the companies? 571 companies: 39 states; DC ~50%

Growing Together • • CODAR 1984: Barrick leave NOAA to form CODAR to commercialize HF radar 1986: CODAR Ocean Sensors, Ltd. founded. 1983 -88: first-generation CODARs; deployed North Sea offshore oil rigs. 1992: Second-generation CODARs 2002: 100 th Sea. Sonde sold 2009: Rapid overseas growth Today: 98% IOOS network; deployed in 30 countries Growth tied to US network and confidence by other nations to invest • • IOOS 2002: California government: $21 million for the “Coastal Ocean Circulation Monitoring Program” (COCMP) 2004: IOOS project based < 15 radars 2005 -2006: Network emerges 2008: Network reached 100 2009: National Surface Currents Plan V 1 published 2012: Operational dollars in the IOOS budget Today: > 130 Radars Global through Group on Earth Observations (GEO) and Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) 24

“Open for Business Results” • VALUE CREATION: The more data is opened, the more it can be used, repurposed and built on—in combination with other data —for everyone’s benefit. • Open data policies could boost cumulative G 20 GDP by around 1. 1 percentage points of the 2% growth target over five years. 25

Summary Environmental Data - A National Resource and Public Good • Improves public and private decision-making • Increased use results in increased value • Accelerates scientific breakthroughs and technology innovation • Empowers entrepreneurs • Creates jobs and fuels economic growth Ocean Information Enables Decisions in many areas 26