The belief that others are paying more attention

• The belief that others are paying more attention to one’s appearance and behavior than they really are. • At the center of worlds is ourselves • Spotlight effect- we tend to see ourselves at a center stage, and so, we over estimate the extent to which others’ attention is aimed at us.

• Illusion of transparency- the illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others • We agonize over, others may hardly notice and soon forget

Interplay between our sense of self and our social worlds • Social surroundings affect our selfawareness- we notice how we differ and how others are reacting to our difference • Self-interest colors social judgment- when things go well at home or work or play, we see ourselves as more responsible

• Self-concern motivates our social behavior - concern of self-image drives much of our behavior. In hopes of making a positive impression, people agonize about their appearance • Social relationships define our self- How we think of ourselves is linked to who we are in relationship with at the moment

Self-Concept (elements) • Self-schema- beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of selfrelevant information • Mental templates by which we organize • It helps us catalogues our worlds and retrieve our experiences

Possible self • Images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future • Such possible selves motivate us with specific goals for a vision of the life we long for

Development of the Social Self • The social identities we form • The roles we play • The comparisons we make with others • Our successes and failures • How other people judge us • The surrounding culture

Roles we play • We enact a new role • Gradually, it gets absorbed in our sense of self • Role playing becomes reality – College students, parent, salesperson

Social identity • The social definitions of who you are implies who you are not – Ex. A solo female in a group, a solo Pampangueño in a group of Ilocanos – We are conscious of our uniqueness.

Social comparisons • Others around us help to define the standards by which we define ourselves. We compare ourselves to them. – We smart when others seem dull, caring when others are callous • Danger – It breeds misery (In competition) “Conquer your fear live your dreams”

Success and failure • To undertake challenging yet realistic tasks and to succeed is to feel more competent, cause high self-esteem - less neurotic, happier, less troubled by ulcers and insomnia, less prone to alcohol and drug addiction • Failure- cause low self-esteem

Other people’s judgment • Others label, we tend to incorporate such ideas into ourselves. • Looking glass self- our habit of using how we imagine another perceives us as a mirror of perceiving ourselves.

Self and culture • Individualism- the concept of giving priority to one’s goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications. • Collectivism- giving priority to the goals of one’s group and defining one’s identity accordingly

Perceived Self Control Imagined limitations of one’s self Self fulfilling prophecy Self-defeating prophecy

Self-efficacy • A sense that one is competent and effective – More competent – Persistent • accomplishments

Locus of control • The extent to which people perceives outcomes as internally controllable by their own efforts or externally controlled by chance or outside forces. – Internal – External

Learned helplessness versus selfdetermination • The hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated bad events.

Self esteem • A person’s overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth • Self-serving bias- the tendency to see oneself favorably