The Beginnings of Our Global Age Europe Africa

The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia Section 3: European Footholds in South and Southeast Asia Witness History Audio: Gunfire Over Malacca III. Portugal Builds an Eastern Empire A. The Portuguese gained footholds in southern India; 1) After Vasco da Gama’s voyage, Afonso de Albuquerque burst into the Indian Ocean a) By this time, Muslim rulers, originally from central Asia, had established the Mughal empire 2) They seized the island of Goa and the East Indies port of Malacca; a) Albuquerque did this by burning coastal towns and destroying the Arab fleets at sea b) They massacred the city of Malacca’s Muslims 3) Portugal then controlled the spice trade for most of the 1500 s. a) In less than 50 years, the Portuguese had built their trading empire with military and merchant outposts 4) Portuguese impact was limited due to a lack of resources and too much resistance from the local populations. 1 of 7

The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia Section 3: European Footholds in South and Southeast Asia B. The Rise of the Dutch 1) The Dutch were the first people to challenge Portuguese domination of the Asian trade a) The Netherlands rose to become a powerful force in Asian -European trade. b) Their strategic settlement at Cape Town, helped establish a secure foothold in the region 2) The Dutch East India Company was formed by a group of wealthy merchants a) From the beginning they had sovereign powers, unlike the Portuguese who were tightly controlled by their government. b) Dutch East India Company had the power to build armies, wage war, negotiate peace treaties, and govern overseas territory c) The Dutch took Malacca from the Portuguese in 1641 and opened trade with China Color Transparency: The Wreck of the Flor De la Mar 2 of 7

The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia Section 3: European Footholds in South and Southeast Asia • They monopolized trade with the Spice Islands. 3) The Dutch trading empire started to decline in the 1700 s with the growing power of England France. a) Still, the Dutch maintained an empire in Indonesia until the 1900 s. Note Taking Transparency 108 2 of 7

The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia: Section 3 Color Transparency 87: The Wreck of the Flor de la Mar 4 of 7

The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia: Section 3 Note Taking Transparency 108 European Exploration in South and Southeast Asia Portugal Netherlands Spain • Establishes Cape • Builds a rim of • Takes over the Town and gains a trading outposts Philippines, a secure foothold in and controls spice key link to its the region. trade between empire. Europe and Asia. • Forms the powerful • Converts the Dutch East India • Makes efforts to Filipinos to Company. convert people to Christianity. Britain • Establishes the British East India Company. • Drives the French from India and dominates there.