The Beginnings of Industrialization The Industrial Revolution Definition

The Beginnings of Industrialization

The Industrial Revolution • Definition: the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700 s

The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way • Wealthy landowners began buying small farms, putting up a fence around the larger fields: enclosures • POS: tried new agricultural methods • NEG: forced small farmers to move to city or tenant farm

• 1701 Jethro Tull invented the seed drill: boosted crop yields

• Crop rotation: rotating crops to keep soil rich (wheat depleted nutrients, and turnips restore nutrients) • Selective Breeding: started breeding best animals only=increased food supply=increased population

Why the Industrial Revolution Began in England • Britain had all factors of production: resources needed to produce goods and services LAND LABOR CAPITAL

• Industrialization: the process of developing machine production of goods; requires natural resources • Other Factors: • Britain’s economy was expanding (ex: banks gave loans) • Britain had political stability (ex: no wars)

Inventions Spur Industrialization • First industry to be transformed was textile industry major inventions like: Spinning Jenny Water Frame Flying Shuttle

• machines too large for homes, moved to factories: large buildings near water • Eli Whitney’s cotton gin 1793: cotton production skyrocketed

Improvements in Transportation • James Watt built a faster, more efficient steam engine • Entrepreneur: a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business • Robert Fulton built the first steamboat • Canals: human-made waterways • Tollroads

The railway Age Begins • After 1820 railroad locomotive(steam engine on wheels) drove England’s industry • 1804 Richard Trevithick built steam-driven locomotive • 1830 Liverpool-Manchester Railway opened • 4 major effects of locomotive: • 1) spurred industrial growth bc cheap way to transport goods • 2) created new jobs • 3)boosted agricultural and fishing industries bc could transport products to far cities • 4)allowed ppl to take far city jobs