The Basics of What You Need to Know

The Basics of What You Need to Know About… SKIN CANCER & BURNS

WHAT IS A BURN? Tissue damage & cell death Caused by: Heat, electricity, UV radiation, chemicals, etc.

HOMEOSTATIC PROBLEM: the body loses fluid supply – electrolyte imbalance and ___dehydration______ follow; fluids must be replaced immediately!

RULE OF NINES

RULE OF NINES � method used to determine the ___volume_ of fluid lost. � This method divides the body into __11___ areas and each area accounts for___9___ percent of the total body SURFACE AREA. � �- BOTH the anterior and posterior head and neck is estimated as ___9___% of body.

CLASSIFICATION OF BURNS:

CLASSIFICATION OF BURNS: First-degree burn: only the _epidermis____ is damaged. What is usually considered a first degree burn? ____sunburn_____

CLASSIFICATION OF BURNS: Second-degree burn: the _____epidermis___ & upper ___dermis______ are damaged. What is the appearance of the skin? _____red and *blisters__ Can regeneration of the epithelium occur? ____yes (some epithelium still present)_______

CLASSIFICATION OF BURNS: � Third-degree burn: destroys: ___entire thickness of skin_______ � These �* burns are referred to as ___FULL thickness burns_____. Skin grafts are necessary because ____regeneration_____ is no longer a possibility.

SKIN CANCER BENIGN vs. MALIGNANT Cancerous skin tumors that do spread and invade other body areas are ____malignant_______. ** BIGGEST RISK FACTOR FOR SKIN CANCER IS _____overexposure to UV radiation______.

3 TYPES OF SKIN CANCER: 1) ___Basal cell carcinoma____ Least ___malignant_____/ most common type. Cells of the stratum _basale_cannot form __keratin__. No longer is a boundary between _____epidermis_______ and ____dermis______.

3 TYPES OF SKIN CANCER: 2) ___Squamous cell carcinoma____ Arises from the cells of stratum ____spinosum____. This epidermal cancer is also believed to be _sun_ induced.

3 TYPES OF SKIN CANCER: 3) ______malignant melanoma_____ Cancer of PIGMENT PRODUCING CELLS or ***_____melanocytes_____***. About _ 5_ % of skin cancers are this type. Melanoma can begin wherever there is ____pigment______; some cancers develop from pigmented __moles_____. Often deadly; chance for survival is about _50_%. Early detection is key!

ABCD(E) Rule * Used to examine spot of high pigment or moles Early detection of ___skin cancer______! A ___asymmetry______ two sides do not look the same B ___border irregularity______ indentations are visible – not smooth C ___color_______ blacks, tans, browns – sometimes reds and blues D ___diameter_____ larger than the size of a pencil eraser – 6 mm E (recently added) evolving / changes over time

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