The Back and Material Handling Issues ERGONOMICS TRAINTHETRAINER

The Back and Material Handling Issues ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

The Spinal Column Cervical Thoracic Lumbar ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

The Basic Structure ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Epidemiology of Back Injuries Short Term or acute effects: • Sharp Surfaces • Dropped Material • Struck-by Moving Materials • Mechanical Stress • Slips and Falls • “Simpler” Cause and effect relationship ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Epidemiology Chronic or Long Term Effects • Back Ache or Pain • Disc Degeneration • Cause and effect not as simple, more difficult to analyze ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Return to Work • Out more than 6 months only 50% chance of returning • One year only 25% • Management and Practitioner Training One study showed that claims dropped from 200 K to 20 K per year by providing modified work and conservative treat ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Material Handling • Lifting/Lowering • Pushing/Pulling • Carrying • Weights and Forces • Frequency of Activities • Load Center of Gravity ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Material Handling ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Job Risk Factors • Weight of the Object • Location (position of load w. r. t. worker) • Frequency of Lifts • Stability of the Load • Hand Coupling • Workplace Geometry Twisting/Stooping • Environmental Factors ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Personal Risk Factors • Gender • Age • Anthropometry • Lift technique • Attitude • Strength • Training ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Examples of Manual Handling Controls • Avoid extreme range of motion when lifting • Redesign work station/work area to allow freedom of movement • Provide handles on material handling equipment • Provide lift-assist devices and tables • Unit Load Concept ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Job Design • Can reduce one-third of compensable LBP • Minimize reach and lift distances • Keep off floor • Work station design • Frequency • Relax time standard • Rotation • Work-Rest allowances ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Job Design • Minimize Weight • Mechanical aids • Carton capacity • Balance contents • Convert • Carry to push/pull • Push over pull • Use large wheels ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Training • Focus on awareness and avoidance • Get object as close to body as possible • Planning • Use of handling aids • Back Schools • Strength and fitness important ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH Lifting Equation 1991 Version ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH Lifting Equation • Objective: Reduce occurrence of lifting-related LBP • 1981 and 1991 equations • 1981 limited to sagittal plane • 1991 includes asymmetry and coupling ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Disqualifiers for Use • One handed lifts • More than 8 hours • Seated or kneeling • Restricted work space • Unstable Objects • Carrying, pushing or pulling while lifting • Wheelbarrows or shovels • High speed motion • Unreasonable foot/floor coupling • Unfavorable environment ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Definition of Terms • RWL = Recommended weight limit • LC = Load constant • HM = Horizontal multiplier • VM = Vertical multiplier • DM = Distance multiplier • AM = Asymmetric multiplier • FM = Frequency multiplier • CM = Coupling multiplier ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

1991 Equation RWL = LC x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

1991 Guide • Compare RWL to Actual Load (L) • If Greater than or equal to 1 problem ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Lifting Index L RWL ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

1991 Multipliers • LC = 51 Pounds • HM = 10/H • VM = 1 -. 0075 x / V-30/ • DM =. 82 + (1. 8/D) • AM = 1 – (. 0032 x A) • FM go to Table • CM go to Table ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH Worksheet ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Lifting Example ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH Workshop ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH Workshop Start of Lift End of Lift ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH 1991 Lifting Calculator ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

WISHA Calculator for Analyzing Lifting Operations ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

www. lni. wa. gov/wisha/ergo/calculator/ergo_workshop. IE. htm ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

WISHA Workshop ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

WISHA If the job is a hazard • Reduce weight of load • Increase weight of load so that it requires mechanical assist • Reduce the capacity of the container • Etc. ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

References • Applications guide for the revised NIOSH lifting equation – On CD • Elements of Ergonomic Programs – On CD • Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Factors – On CD • Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting NIOSH 81 -122 ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

What does the worker need to know from this presentation? ERGONOMICS : : TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM : : THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING