THE AUTONOMIC GANGLIA OF THE HEAD 11272020 SCNM

REVIEW OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM • 2 NEURON CHAIN • PREGANGLIONIC CELL BODY IN CNS •

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM • PREGANGLIONIC NEUROTRANSMITTER IS ACETYLCHOLINE • POSTGANGLIONIC NEUROTRANSMITTER: – PARASYMPATHETIC =

SYMPATHETIC SHORT PREGANGLIONIC AXON LONG POSTGANGLIONIC AXON GANGLION 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic

SYMPATHETIC • THORACOLUMBAR OUTFLOW – PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS EXIT WITH THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINAL NERVES

PARAVERTEBRAL (CHAIN) GANGLIA • ONE GANGLION/ SPINAL NERVE – WHITE RAMI – GRAY RAMI

FATE OF PREGANGLIONIC FIBER • PREGANG. NEURON IN LAT. HORN • AXON EXITS IN

FATE OF PREGANGLIONIC FIBER • PASS THROUGH GANGLION WITHOUT SYNAPSE – ASCEND OR DESCEND

FATE OF PREGANGLIONIC FIBER • EXIT THE CHAIN VIA THE SPLANCHNIC NERVE (VISCERAL RAMUS)

PREVERTEBRAL GANGLIA • THREE GANGLIA – CELIAC – SUPERIOR MESENTERIC – INFERIOR MESENTERIC •

PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM LONG PREGANGLIONIC AXON SHORT POSTGANGLIONIC AXON GANGLION 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The

CRANIAL-SACRAL OUTFLOW • CRANIAL NERVES III, VII, IX, X – OCULOMOTOR (III) – FACIAL

CRANIAL-SACRAL OUTFLOW (Cont. ) • SACRAL SPINAL CORD – PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS IN THE SACRAL

GANGLIA • HEAD GANGLIA • GANGLIA AT THE ORGAN BEING INNERVATED – EPICARDIUM –

2 DIVISIONS OF ANS • SYMPATHETIC – “FIGHT OR FLIGHT” • PARASYMPATHETIC – VEGATATIVE

WHAT ARE THE HEAD GANGLIA? • PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA SERVING STRUCTURES IN THE HEAD •

PARASYMPATHETIC ROOT • PREGANGLIONIC PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS – GENERAL VISCERAL EFFERENT FIBERS – CRANIAL NERVES:

TRIGEMINAL ROOT • ALL ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A BRANCH OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE –

SYMPATHETIC ROOT • POSTGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC FIBERS – GENERAL VISCERAL EFFERENT FIBERS • FROM SUPERIOR

OUTPUT FROM GANGLION • POSTGANGLIONIC PARASYMPATHETIC • POSTGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC • GENERAL SENSORY 11/27/2020 SCNM,

CILIARY GANGLION • PARASYMPATHETIC – OCULOMOTOR (III) • TRIGEMINAL – NASOCILIARY N, • SYMPATHETIC

PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION • PARASYMPATHETIC – FACIAL N (VII) • GR. PETROSAL N • N.

PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION • NERVE OF PTERYGOID CANAL: – GREATER PETROSAL N. – DEEP PETROSAL

OTIC GANGLION • PARASYMPATHETIC – LESSER PETROSAL N • IX GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL • TRIGEMINAL –

SUBMANDIBULAR GANGLION • PARASYMPATHETIC – CHORDA TYMPANI • TRIGEMINAL – LINGUAL NERVE • SYMPATHETIC

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THE AUTONOMIC GANGLIA OF THE HEAD 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 1

REVIEW OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 2

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM • 2 NEURON CHAIN • PREGANGLIONIC CELL BODY IN CNS • POSTGANGLIONIC CELL BODY IN GANGLION 1 11/27/2020 2 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 3

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM • PREGANGLIONIC NEUROTRANSMITTER IS ACETYLCHOLINE • POSTGANGLIONIC NEUROTRANSMITTER: – PARASYMPATHETIC = ACETYLCHOLINE – SYMPATHETIC = NOREPINEPHRINE PARASYMPATHETIC ACh 1 2 ACh 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head SYMPATHETIC NOREPINEPHRINE 4

SYMPATHETIC SHORT PREGANGLIONIC AXON LONG POSTGANGLIONIC AXON GANGLION 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 5

SYMPATHETIC • THORACOLUMBAR OUTFLOW – PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS EXIT WITH THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINAL NERVES 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 6

PARAVERTEBRAL (CHAIN) GANGLIA • ONE GANGLION/ SPINAL NERVE – WHITE RAMI – GRAY RAMI • THREE CERVICAL GANGLIA 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 7

FATE OF PREGANGLIONIC FIBER • PREGANG. NEURON IN LAT. HORN • AXON EXITS IN VENTRAL ROOT • SYNAPSE IN GANGLION • POSTGANG. AXON REJOINS SPINAL NERVE 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 8

FATE OF PREGANGLIONIC FIBER • PASS THROUGH GANGLION WITHOUT SYNAPSE – ASCEND OR DESCEND IN CHAIN TO DIFFERENT LEVEL 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 9

FATE OF PREGANGLIONIC FIBER • EXIT THE CHAIN VIA THE SPLANCHNIC NERVE (VISCERAL RAMUS) – PASS TO THE PREVERTEBRAL GANGLIA PREVERTEBRAL GANGLION 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head SPLANCHNIC NERVE 10

PREVERTEBRAL GANGLIA • THREE GANGLIA – CELIAC – SUPERIOR MESENTERIC – INFERIOR MESENTERIC • PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS FROM SPLANCHNIC NERVES • POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS DISTRIBUTE WITH ARTERY 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 11

PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM LONG PREGANGLIONIC AXON SHORT POSTGANGLIONIC AXON GANGLION 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 12

CRANIAL-SACRAL OUTFLOW • CRANIAL NERVES III, VII, IX, X – OCULOMOTOR (III) – FACIAL (VII) – GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL (IX) – VAGUS (X) 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 13

CRANIAL-SACRAL OUTFLOW (Cont. ) • SACRAL SPINAL CORD – PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS IN THE SACRAL REGION OF THE CORD • AXONS EXIT THE ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) ROOT – PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 14

GANGLIA • HEAD GANGLIA • GANGLIA AT THE ORGAN BEING INNERVATED – EPICARDIUM – INTRAMURAL GANGLIA 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 15

2 DIVISIONS OF ANS • SYMPATHETIC – “FIGHT OR FLIGHT” • PARASYMPATHETIC – VEGATATIVE 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 16

WHAT ARE THE HEAD GANGLIA? • PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA SERVING STRUCTURES IN THE HEAD • 3 ROOTS • 1 OR MORE OUTPUTS 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 17

PARASYMPATHETIC ROOT • PREGANGLIONIC PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS – GENERAL VISCERAL EFFERENT FIBERS – CRANIAL NERVES: III, VII, IX • POSTGANGLIONIC FIBER JOINS OUTPUT 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 18

TRIGEMINAL ROOT • ALL ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A BRANCH OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE – GENERAL SENSORY FIBERS – SOMATIC AFFERENT FIBERS • PASS THROUGH GANGLION JOINING OUTPUT – NO SYNAPSE 19

SYMPATHETIC ROOT • POSTGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC FIBERS – GENERAL VISCERAL EFFERENT FIBERS • FROM SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION – FOLLOW BRANCH OF CAROTID A. • PASS THROUGH GANGLION JOINING OUTPUT – NO SYNAPSE IN HEAD GANGLION 20

OUTPUT FROM GANGLION • POSTGANGLIONIC PARASYMPATHETIC • POSTGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC • GENERAL SENSORY 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 21

CILIARY GANGLION • PARASYMPATHETIC – OCULOMOTOR (III) • TRIGEMINAL – NASOCILIARY N, • SYMPATHETIC – SUP. CERVICAL GANG. • OUTPUT – SHORT CILIARY NN – EYE 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 22

PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION • PARASYMPATHETIC – FACIAL N (VII) • GR. PETROSAL N • N. PTERYGOID CANAL • TRIGEMINAL – MAXILLARY N (V 2) • SYMPATHETIC – SUP. CERV. GANG. • DEEP PETROSAL N – N. PTERYGOID CANAL 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 23

PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION • NERVE OF PTERYGOID CANAL: – GREATER PETROSAL N. – DEEP PETROSAL N. • OUTPUT – ZYGOMATIC N. • LACRIMAL GLAND VIA LACRIMAL N – NASAL & PALATINE NN • NASAL, PALATINE, AND PHARYNGEAL MUCOSA 24

OTIC GANGLION • PARASYMPATHETIC – LESSER PETROSAL N • IX GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL • TRIGEMINAL – MANDIBULAR N (V 3) • SYMPATHETIC – SUP. CERVICAL GANG. • OUTPUT – AURICULOTEMPORAL N • PAROTID GLAND – MANDIBULAR N. (V 3) • ORAL MUCOSA 11/27/2020 SCNM, ANAT 604, The Autonomic Ganglia of the Head 25

SUBMANDIBULAR GANGLION • PARASYMPATHETIC – CHORDA TYMPANI • TRIGEMINAL – LINGUAL NERVE • SYMPATHETIC – SUP. CERVICAL GANG. • OUTPUT – LINGUAL NERVE • SUBMAND. & SUBLING. • ORAL MUCOSA 26