The Attributive Clause v The building is our
The Attributive Clause 定语从句讲解 讲师:潘倩景
举例说明如下: v. The building is our school. v. The building stands by the river. v The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行词 关系词 从句 which、that 是关系代词,它在从句中代替 先行词the building,同时担任从句中的主语, 也起连词的作用,把两个简单句连接 起来。
限制性定语从句的构成 The old lady who lives next to us sells books. You should do all that I said. I have found the teather whom I am looking for. I visited the factory where my father works. 1. 从句位置及语序 2. 翻译方法 3. 构成 先行词 之后, 用陈述式语序 “…. 的” 关系词 关系代词 关系副词
先行词和关系词的关系 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. the machine = that 2. The boy who broke the window is called Tom. the boy =who 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指 3. The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose 关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 4. The school where I study is far from my home. in the school = where 关系副词实际上是介词+先行词
关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. a machine. the machine A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. a machine that /which A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday. Who/that The lady we saw yesterday is Green her
关系代词: 1. who指人, 作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略) The man who I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. 2. whom指人, 作宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year. This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from? Is this the library from which you borrow books?
that 指人/物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略) A plane is a machine. It can fly. A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man. I told you about him. He is the man (that) I told you about.
4. that 指人/物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略) A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man (that) I told you about. 注意:介词提前时只能用which 而不能用that 。 Is this the library from which you borrow books? from that
5. whose 引导的定语从句 I know the doctor. His daughter studies abroad. I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad. Have you seen my book? The book’s cover is red. Have you seen my book whose cover is red. Have ……book the cover of which is red
whose 在定语从句中作定语,表示 引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属 关系。 whose多指人,也可指物, 指物时可与 of which互换使用。 This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book of which the cover(the cover of which) is blue.
Ø 定语从句中需注意事项 ² 有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which 1. 从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词 修饰时, 只能用that引导从句. § This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. § The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.
2. 先行词是all, something, nothing, anything不定 代词时, 只能用that. § Here is something( that) I will tell you. § Not all that glitters is gold. 3. 先行词既有人也有物时, 只能用that引出从句 § I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.
题型回顾 • There are many different kinds of insurance, _8_ hospital, motor-car and fire. Insurance can be rather expensive but most people buy insurance of some kind. Insurance is something _9_ people buy and hope they will _10_ need. 8. A. include B. including C. as well as D. also è 9. A. which B. that C. as D. like 10. A. never B. ever C. sometimes D. often
4. 先行词是one of, the one, 或用little, few, no, all, any 作修饰,用that § Is it the one that you want ? §We haven’t got much that we can offer you. 5. 当主句已有疑问词 who或which时,关系词 用that § Which is the bike that you lost? § Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
²从例句中看出,who、that在许多情况下可以 通用,但有时宜用who, 而不用that 1. 先行词是one(s), anyone, someone, those时,关 系词使用who § Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. § One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth. 2. 在there be 句型中,先行词指人, 关系词用who § There is an old man who wants to see you. §There are many young men who are against him.
6. 定语从句中的动词的数 He is the only one in his class who _______ has (have) got the teacher’s praise. He is one of the students in his class who _______ (have) got the teacher’s praise have 关系词在定语从句中做主语时, 谓语动词的数取决于先行词。
1) I want to find the pen (that) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen (which) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter. . 2) This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud. This is the hero(that) we are proud of.
注意: 固定动介词组不可分割, 介词不能提前。 例如: look after, look at , look for … ØHere are the picture-books that the children are looking for. Ø Here are the picture-books which the children are looking for. Ø Here are the picture-books the children are looking for.
2)、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 He referred me to some with reference books ______ which I am not very familiar.
3)根据先行词判断,所用的介词与先行词 搭配 v This is our classroom, ________ which in the front of there is a teacher’s desk. v 1949 was the year in which the P. R. C. was founded.
介词+关系代词的情况练习 on which § 1. Do you like the book she spent for which $10? § 2. Do you like the book she paid from which $10? about which § 3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? through which § 4. Do you like the book she often talks? § 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies.
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