The Atom What is Matter anything that has
- Slides: 21
The Atom
What is Matter? • anything that has ____ and takes up ____ • matter is made up of ____
(2 Volunteers) How Small are Atoms? • It would take a stack of about 50, 000 aluminum atoms to equal the thickness of a sheet of aluminum foil from your kitchen • If you could enlarge a penny until it was as wide as the US, each of its atoms would be only about 3 cm in diameter – about the size of a ping pong ball • A human hair is about 1 million carbon atoms wide • A typical human cell contains roughly 1 trillion atoms • A speck of dust might contain 3 x 1012 (3 trillion) atoms • It would take you around 500 years to count the number of atoms in a grain of salt
Activity: • Rip or cut a standard piece of paper in half as many times as you can. Class Discussion: • How many cuts were we able to make? ____ • Do you think we could keep cutting the paper forever? Why or why not? • You would have to cut the paper in half around thirty-one (31) times to get to the size of any atom.
What is an Atom? • the smallest unit into which matter can be __________ • ______________ of all matter • comprised of a ________(at it’s center) and an ______________ (surrounding the nucleus) • made up of ______ _particles What are Subatomic Particles? • smaller than an atom • __________________ • _________
Early Atom Models: What is the Rutherford Model? • mostly empty • small, positively (+) charged nucleus • contained protons and electrons scattered around the outside
Early Atom Models: What is the Bohr Model? • electrons (-) move in definite ______ around the nucleus • Nucleus is made of _______ (+) and ________ (neutral).
Modern Atom Model: What is the The Electron Cloud Model? • sometimes called the wave model • spherical cloud of varying density • varying density shows where an electron is more or less likely to be • The Bohr Model is still used to help explain characteristics of the atom.
What are Protons? - ++ + + + - - + • _______ charged particles (+) - • help make up the ______ of the atom • equal to the _________ of the atom • contribute to the ________ • equal to the ______ of ________ in a neutral atom.
What are Neutrons? - ++ + + + - - - • ______ particles; have no electric charge • help make up the nucleus of the atom • contribute to the __________.
What are Electrons? - - - • found _______ the nucleus of the atom in the electron _______. ++ + + + - - • _______ charged particles (-) - • each orbital/level can hold a maximum number of electrons • 1 st orbital = _____ • 2 nd orbital = _____ • 3 rd orbital = _____
What are Electrons? - ++ + + + - - - • move so rapidly around the nucleus that they create an ___________ - • mass is insignificant when compared to protons and neutrons • equal to the _____ of ___________ in a neutral atom • involved in the formation of chemical bonds
What are Valence • found in the outermost energy level of the Electrons? electron cloud (called the _______) • involved in bonding • determine the chemical properties of an element
How is the Atom’s Center Formed? Protons and neutrons are grouped together to form the “center” or ________ of an atom Notice that the electrons are not a part of the nucleus - - + + -
Atomic Structure
How are Atoms Described? The Atomic Symbol: • atomic number = ________ • in a _______ atom, the # of protons = the # of electrons • atomic mass= _________ + _________
• the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom What is Atomic Number? - - + ++ - What would be the atomic number of this atom?
What is the Atomic Mass? • the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus • expressed in Atomic Mass Units (amu) – each proton or neutron has a mass of 1 amu What would be the atomic mass of this atom? + - 3 + ++ 4 3 protons + 4 neutrons = an atomic mass of 7 amu Why did we not account for the electrons when calculating the mass number? - -
Hydrogen (H) Atom • Let’s use the Bohr Model to sketch a hydrogen atom. • notice the one electron in the first orbital P = Atomic # = E=P= N = Atomic Mass – Atomic # =
Oxygen (O) Atom • notice the two electrons in the first orbital/level and the six in the second Bohr Diagram P = Atomic # ____ E=P ____ N = Atomic Mass – Atomic # ____
Sodium (Na) Atom • notice the two electrons in the first orbital/level, eight in the second, and one in the third Bohr Diagram P= E= N=
- What is anything that has mass and volume
- Anything that has mass
- Matter is anything that takes up space and has
- Matter is anything that
- Is anything that has mass and takes up space.
- No matter anything
- The matter is anything that occupies
- Matter anything that
- Matter is anything that occupies space
- Mass
- Defintion of matter
- Matter is anything that has what
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