THE ATOM Chapter 6 2 Part 2 ISOTOPES

ISOTOPES • Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons, but have

• Isotopes of the same element are similar to one another in many

PROPERTIES OF ISOTOPES • Some isotopes of an element have special properties because they

The Difference Between Isotopes • You can identify an isotope by its mass number.

NAMING ISOTOPES • To identify a specific isotope of an element, write the name

Isotopes and Atomic Mass • Most elements contain a mixture of two or more

Forces in Atoms • There are four basic forces acting between the particles in

Gravitational Force • Gravitational force pulls objects towards one another. • The masses of

Electromagnetic Force • Protons and electrons are attracted to each other because of this

STRONG FORCE • Protons push away from each other because they have the same

WEAK FORCE • The weak force is an important force in radioactive atoms. •

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THE ATOM Chapter 6 – 2 Part 2

ISOTOPES • Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons, but have different numbers of neutrons. • Having a different number of neutrons gives the atom a different mass.

• Isotopes of the same element are similar to one another in many ways. • Some elements have isotopes whose properties differ in important ways.

PROPERTIES OF ISOTOPES • Some isotopes of an element have special properties because they are unstable. • This type has a nucleus that will change over time. • These are radioactive because they will fall apart over time. • Most isotopes share most of the same properties.

The Difference Between Isotopes • You can identify an isotope by its mass number. • The mass number is the number of protons and neutrons added together. • Compare these three carbon atoms to see how we determine the mass number for each.

NAMING ISOTOPES • To identify a specific isotope of an element, write the name of the element followed by a hyphen and the mass number. • Example: Hydrogen – 2 Hydrogen - 3

Isotopes and Atomic Mass • Most elements contain a mixture of two or more isotopes with different #’s of neutrons. • The atomic mass of an element is the average of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes of that element. • This number is found on the element card on the periodic table. 6 C 12. 01 ATOMIC MASS

Forces in Atoms • There are four basic forces acting between the particles in an atom that hold them together. • These forces work together to give an atom its structure and properties.

Gravitational Force • Gravitational force pulls objects towards one another. • The masses of the particles in atoms are so small, this force within atoms is very small.

Electromagnetic Force • Protons and electrons are attracted to each other because of this force.

STRONG FORCE • Protons push away from each other because they have the same charge. • The protons would fly apart if it wasn’t for strong force.

WEAK FORCE • The weak force is an important force in radioactive atoms. • In certain atoms, a neutron can change into a proton and an electron. • The weak force plays a big part in this change. NEUTRAL + -

LET’S TRY IT! TIME FOR THE “MADE TO ORDER” LAB