THE ASSESSMENT OF MENTAL RETARDATION IN CAPITAL CASES
- Slides: 14
THE ASSESSMENT OF MENTAL RETARDATION IN CAPITAL CASES Jeffrey C. Holden, Ph. D. Chief of Transition Services Murdoch Center
What Is Mental Retardation? l Significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning as evidenced by an I. Q. of 70 or below on an individually administered, scientifically recognized, standardized test administered by a licensed psychiatrist or psychologist
Distribution. Of Of. I. Q. Distribution Scores
What Is Mental Retardation? l Significant limitations in two or more of the following adaptive skill areas: communication, self-care, home living, social skills, community use, selfdirection, health and safety, functional academics, leisure skills and work skills.
What Is Mental Retardation? l Intellectual and adaptive deficits must have been manifested prior to the age of 18.
What Are The Causes Of Mental Retardation? l Genetic conditions (e. g. , Down Syndrome) l Medical problems during pregnancy (e. g. , Fetal Alcohol Syndrome) l Medical problems at birth (e. g. , prematurity) l Medical problems after birth (e. g. , measles) l Poverty and cultural deprivation (e. g. , under-
How Is I. Q. Assessed? l Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – 3 rd Edition l Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children 4 th Edition l Stanford-Binet – 5 th Edition l Leiter International Performance Scale -Revised l Test of Nonverbal Intelligence – 3 rd Edition
How Can I. Q. Scores For One Person Vary So Greatly? l Measurement error l Practice effects l Outdated test norms l Different tests/versions used l Actual changes in intellectual functioning
How Is Adaptive Functioning Assessed? l Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales l AAMR Behavior Scales – 2 nd Edition l Scales of Independent Behavior –Revised l Adaptive Behavior Assessment System l Informal Assessment of Adaptive Behavior
How Is Manifestation of Mental Retardation During The Developmental Period Assessed? l Review of school records l Interviews with family and friends l Interview with person being assessed l Review of medical records
Who Should Assess For Mental Retardation? l Psychiatrist l Psychologist l Neuropsychologist
Does Malingering Affect Assessment of Mental Retardation? l Mental Illness and brain injury vs. mental retardation l No research to support malingering in mental retardation
How Do Cultural/Language Issues Impact Assessment? l Certain I. Q. tests may be invalid for non-english speaking persons. l Cultural bias on I. Q. tests is minimal for english speaking ethnic groups. l Assessment of adaptive skills may require access to natural environment. l Evaluator and/or interpreter must be able to communicate effectively with person.
What Other Conditions Can Affect The Assessment Of Mental Retardation? l Psychiatric Impairment l Physical disability l Sensory Impairment
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