The Arizona Territory 1862 1912 Arizona Geography GCU

The Arizona Territory 1862 – 1912 Arizona Geography GCU 221

Game Plan • 1853 – Part of New Mexico territory • 1861 – Tucson and southern New Mexico claim independence and join the Confederacy • 1862 – Arizona becomes formal territory • 1867 - Phoenix settled. • 1869 –Powell and the Grand Canyon • 1877 – Desert Land Act provides 640 acres • 1882 - Railroad helps industry immensely • Important industries of early Arizona includes: mining, farming, cattle, and train construction

1853 - Part of New Mexico Territory Boundaries of the New Mexico Territory as the Confederates wanted to see it.

1861 – Tucson joins Confederacy Arizonans were dissatisfied with the US government for neglecting them in their need to deal with Apache raids and for shutting down the Butterfield Overland Route.

1862 - Battle of Picacho Pass One of four minor battles that occurred in Arizona. Tucson taken without incident. Occurred along the a remote remount station along the Butterfield Overland route.

1862 – Arizona Territory is born Where should the capital be?

1862 – Arizona Territory is born Prescott, AZ Tucson, AZ Northern mining town preferred by Americans from back east Southern former Spanish, Mexican, and Confederate stronghold Where should the capital be?

1867 – Phoenix founded Jack Swilling Phoenix rises from the ashes, agriculture intensifies. Becomes the capital of AZ.

John Wesley Powell and Grand Canyon - 1869 160 rapids in Grand Canyon alone, a 1, 000 mile journey.

Desert Land Act - 1877 “For $1. 40 an acre, a married family could claim 640 acres if they promised to TRY and irrigate the land within 3 years. ”

Industry leads to the establishment of railroads in 1882

Started near Ajo, kicked off mining in Arizona Grandviewite Arizona Mining and Trading Company - 1854 Mining even in the Grand Canyon, more profit from Tourism, in 1890 Gold, Silver, Lead, Zinc, Asbestos, Copper, Borax

1863 – One in four Arizonans was a miner or prospector Ajo Copper mine, intensified in 1884, discovered in 1854 Tailings largest dam in the country 7. 4 billion cubic feet Started at 20% ore to less than 1% today Originally smelted in Swansea Wales, around the horn. Discovered by Tom Childs, an old abandoned mine named Old Bat Hole with a 60 foot shaft. Produced $20 billion in ore

Tombstone History founded in 1879 Tough Nut Mine Nearby mines produced an estimated $85 million in silver, founded by Ed Schieffelin, Told the only stone he would find would be a “Tombstone”.

Tombstone History Gunfight at the OK Corral in March 15, 1881 Mostly unknown to the public until 1931 Ike Clanton Wyatt Earp Virgil Earp The gun battle at the OK Corral between the Earp brothers and the Cow-boys.

Early Arizona Cattle Industry 1880 s Moves from Texas (affected by heavy overgrazing) into Arizona with the development of the rail lines.

Aztec Land Cattle Company (Hashknife Outfit) Third largest ranch in North America in the late 1800 s Utilized 2, 000 acres of land bought at $0. 50 an acre Stretched from New Mexico to Flagstaff 26 deaths in Holbrook, AZ in 1886 out 250 people

Aztec Land Cattle Company (Hashknife Outfit) Third largest ranch in North America in the late 1800 s Burton C. Mossman Bucket o’ Blood Saloon Arizona Rangers Severe winter in 1900 devastated the outfit. Over utilized the land, 20 cattle per acre instead of 7. The ranch was sold to the Babbitt Brothers in 1901

Canyon Diablo near Holbrook, AZ Hell Street had 14 saloons, 10 gambling houses, 4 brothels, and 2 dance halls Town built to support the construction of a railroad bridge across Canyon Diablo, later became Two Guns, built to support Route 66.

Things to know: • 1853 – part of New Mexico territory • 1861 – Tucson and southern New Mexico claim independence and join the Confederacy • 1862 – Arizona becomes formal territory • 1869 – John Wesley Powell explores the Colorado River • 1877 – Desert Land Act provides 640 acres • 1882 – Establishment of railroads • Important early industries: farming, cattle, and mining