The Arctic Water Cycle Emma Sage Emma Hale
- Slides: 21
The Arctic Water Cycle Emma Sage Emma. Hale Rebecca Hale Biogeochemistry 1 March 2005 2 March 2005 Photograph © Michael Hambrey
The Game Plan • • • Global and Arctic Water Cycles Ice Sheets Primary controls on the water cycle – global and Arctic Field Methods and Modeling: how we figure it all out “In nature there are neither rewards nor punishments, there are consequences. ” – Robert Green Ingersoll Discussion
The Global Water Cycle
The Global Water Cycle • Global and Arctic Water Cycles The Arctic Water
Arctic Ice Sheets Arctic Rivers and Watersheds
Arctic Ice Sheets
What Drives the Water Cycle? • • Precipitation solar radiation, Hadley cells, wind patterns, all those good things we talked about with Laura and Julie. Ice wind! air temperature, ocean currents, pressure oscillations Ocean currents salinity, river discharge, temperature River discharge temperature, arctic ice/glaciers, human modifications
Some Really Cool Big Patterns • • Arctic Oscillation – atmospheric pressure see-saw between upper and middle northern (~45 N) latitudes North Atlantic Oscillation – related to the AO, similar seesaw of pressure between Iceland subtropical Atlantic Debate whether these are part of the same mode or whether they are different. Time scales of these are debatable –paleoclimate studies show that neither seem to have had set schedules in the past, but they change about every 10 to 40 years • Right now both are in positive phases
Arctic Ice Sheets Positive AO • Low pressure over arctic Negative AO • High pressure over arctic Arctic Oscillation - some effects -
• Pacific Decadal Oscillation – major source of variability in sea surface temperature lasting 20 -30 years. • Since 1990 s has begun to go back into cool phase. Warm phase Cool phase
These Pressure and Temperature Oscillations… • Control currents of air positive AO creates strong wind current circling the Arctic • • • Effects on ice affect the heating and cooling of the ocean and therefore… Thermohaline Circulation! • • Circulation of ocean water based on temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline) Temperature and salinity determine density of sea water and cause sinking and upwelling
Arctic Ice Sheets
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation Arctic Ice Sheets
Changes in the Arctic Cycle • AO and NAO have been in long positive cycles • • • caused by increases in GHG? Surface air temperatures are increasing accelerate water cycle Increase in freshwater discharge to Arctic Increase in cloud cover Ice thinning Changes in precipitation Spring Cloud Fraction of Arctic Seas (from www. arctic. noaa. gov)
Research Questions • Atlantic hydrologic sensitivity parameter (HSP) • • • Determines how thermohaline circulation will change as freshwater discharge increases Freshwater discharge (Eurasian) expected to increase 1870% in response to 1. 4 -5. 8°C SAT increase Arctic ice – what’s causing changes in thickness and extent? How are the AO/NAO and greenhouse gases related? How will ocean currents change? Three modes of ocean currents discussed by Taylor (1999)
Experimental Methods and Modeling
Our Questions for You! • We want you to speculate some effects of the following scenarios. Be creative: effects on ocean/wind currents, migration patterns, Arctic ice, economics, human society, etc. • • • Global warming causes almost total melting of the Arctic ice sheet Greenhouse gases push AO into permanent positive phase Global temperatures increase and cause two-fold increase in freshwater discharge to Arctic Ocean
- Water and water and water water
- Emma sage
- Arctic fox life cycle facts
- Brainpop.com water cycle
- Water cycle the hydrologic cycle
- John proctor iii
- Judge thomas danforth
- Answers
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- Hale's tours
- Jason hale ole miss
- Quote of abigail accusing elizabeth
- Fatsly
- Why does hale visit the proctor's’ home
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