THE ANTISMOLT WHEN BAD THINGS HAPPEN TO GOOD

THE ANTISMOLT- WHEN BAD THINGS HAPPEN TO GOOD FISHES CAMERON SHARPE BRIAN BECKMAN PATRICK HULETT CHRIS WAGEMANN CHRIS GLEIZES HOWARD FUSS

1+ JUVENILE ANADROMY PROTRACTED FW RESIDENCY 2+ JUVENILE NONANADROMY

RESIDUALS ØA JUVENILE FISH OF SMOLT AGE THAT FAILS TO OUTMIGRATE WITH THE REST OF ITS COHORT

SMOLT LG RESIDUAL SM RESIDUAL

PERCEIVED RISKS: ØECOLOGICAL: COMPETITION, PREDATION ØGENETIC: DOMESTICATION SELECTION, HW CROSSES, HYBRIDIZATION

CASE STUDIES ØSNOW CREEK ØKALAMA ØOTHERS…

SNOW CREEK ØTIPPING ET AL. (1995). PFC. 57: 120 -123 Ø 3 RELEASES: ’ 91, ’ 92 & ’ 93 4. 7 KM ABOVE WEIR Ø 20% MISSING, PRESUMED DEAD

KALAMA ØGOBAR CREEK ØMAJOR KALAMA SPAWNING TRIBUTARY ØACCLIMATION SITE FOR STEELHEAD RELEASES

KALAMA WATERSHED

GOBAR CREEK 2. 1 KM 2. 8 KM UPPER REACH BY 98 88% N=1637 BY 99 71% N=2071 BY 00 79% N=656 LOWER REACH BY 98 12% N=229 BY 99 29% N=850 BY 00 21% N=175

FREQUENCY MIGRANTS & RESIDUALS (BY ’ 00 & BY ’ 99) MIGRANTS RESIDUALS FORK LENGTH (mm)

OTHER WORK ØKEOGH. WARD AND SLANEY (1990). 40% LOSS. ØYAKIMA (TEANAWAY). Mc. MICHAEL (1992) 36% LOSS. ØNEED EXAMPLES TO THE CONTRARY.

MECHANISMS Ø SIZE/GROWTH Ø SEXUAL MATURATION (NOT INDEPENDENT)

SEX RATIOS OF RESIDUALS GROUP POND RESIDUALS N P(M) LARGE 28 0. 64 SMALL 66 0. 59 POOLED 94 0. 61 SIG? Y CREEK RESIDUALS N P(M) SIG? 80 0. 75 Y 212 0. 64 Y 292 0. 67 Y

SIZE AND SEXUAL MATURATION OF MALE RESIDUALS a

IMMATURE MALES MATURING MALES PRECOCIOUS MALES

FL (mm)

BROOD AS 0+ SMOLT COHORT (MULT. BROODS)

SMOLTS RESIDUALS

PERSPECTIVES ØGLASS HALF EMPTY ØTHE ANTI-SMOLT: WRETCHED, UNCOOPERATIVE HALFWITS ØGLASS HALF FULL ØTHE WILD CHILD: NATURAL EXPRESSION OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY OF THE SPECIES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ØKALAMA HATCHERY STAFF ØNMFS/MITCHELL ACT ØHSRG/IAC