The antimicrobial activity of green tea Camillia sinensis

The antimicrobial activity of green tea (Camillia sinensis) on Staphylococcus aureus in combination with ascorbic acid, acetic acid, and sodium chloride Team 3: Timothy Barnum, Steven Castellano, Annie Chen, Neha Jariwala, Andy Jung, Kelvin Mei, Christina Sedberry, Maggie To, Heather Tynan, Charles Zou

History of Green Tea 1 st brewed 4000 years ago n 2 nd most popular drink n http: //www. spiritcommunity. com/tea/images/tea_leaf. jpg http: //www. taijichinesemedicine. com/images/doc 12. jpg

Composition p Polyphenols n EGCG, EC, C, ECG, EGC, CG http: //www. i-sis. org. uk/graphics/Tea-polyphenols. jpg

Health Benefits p Antioxidant n n n p Neurodegeneration Cardiovascular disease Cancer Antimicrobial n n Viral activity Bacterial growth

Staphylococcus aureus Spherical, Gram-positive bacteria p Halotolerant p Immune response resistance p http: //www. biology 4 kids. com/extras/dtop_micro/7821. html

Green Tea Effects on S. aureus p Green Tea has been shown to have antibacterial effect on S. aureus p Toda et. al (1989) reported growth inhibition at “cup” of tea concentrations

Antibacterial p Hypothesized modes of action n n Peptidoglycan binding Lipid bilayer binding http: //www. palaeos. com/Kingdoms/Prokaryotes/Images/Gram. Pos. Cell. Envelope. gif

Question p Based on this information, can green tea be used as a household cleaner? http: //www. health-news-blog. com/blogs/health-articles. html

Enhancing substances Ascorbic acid p Acetic acid p Sodium chloride p http: //www. usavsus. info/Images 6/S 070327 -02 L. jpg

Hypothesis p Green tea alone will act as an antibacterial. The enhancing substances and increased brewing times will increase the antimicrobial activity of green tea.

Experimental Design p Microbe preparation n n p S. aureus in tryptic soy broth at 37◦C under aerobic conditions 1. 14 x 108 CFU per m. L Efficacy of green tea as antibacterial n n Paper disk diffusion Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)

Preparation of Solutions p Green Tea: n 10 mg/m. L n Brewing periods: 0. 5, 1. 0, 5. 0, 10. 0 min. p Lemon Juice: 2% by volume p Vinegar: 24% by volume p Salt: 2% w/v

Preparation of Solutions Brewing Time (minutes) Green Tea and Lemon Juice Green Tea and Vinegar Green Tea and Table Salt Control A B C D 0. 5 E F G H 1. 0 I J K L 5. 0 M N O P 10. 0 Q R S T

The Paper Disk Diffusion Method p 20 disks placed on the inoculated plates and control plate p Following 48 hour incubation, zones of inhibition were measured http: //rfdp. seafdec. org. ph/publication/manual/antibiotics/pic 19. jpg

Determination of the MIC 20 test tubes in triplicate were inoculated with loop-full of 72 -hour culture of S. aureus p Test tubes incubated for 48 hrs at 37°C p Turbidity examined: Scale of 0 to 3 p

Data Average Diameter of Zone of Inhibition (mm) 10 7. 8 8. 5 8. 8 9. 1 8 6 4 2 0 Green Tea & Vinegar 0 min Green Tea & Vinegar 0. 5 min Green Tea & Vinegar 1 min Green Tea & Vinegar 5 min Green Tea & Vinegar 10 min Solution p All other solutions had no measurable zone of inhibition p MIC results inconclusive

Discussion p Solutions of green tea and vinegar most effective p Zones of inhibition were most likely a result of vinegar p Green tea did not have significant effect on S. aureus growth

Future Studies p Increase polyphenol content p Investigate the processing of tea p Modify MIC p Concentration of bacteria

Future Studies p Prospects: n Toothpaste/Mouthwash p n Anti-cavity effects (Elvin-Lewis and Steelman, 1992) Deodorizers

Conclusion p No support as a household cleaner p Potential to be incorporated into daily life

Acknowledgments p Advisors n n n Mrs. Rachel Sandler Danielle Cusmano Dr. Miyamoto Dr. Quinn Dr. Surace p Donors (YAY!) n n n n Jewish Communal Fund John and Laura Overdeck NJGSS Alumnae and Parents (1984 -2008) Novartis Schering-Plough Foundation The Dorr Foundation The Edward W. and Stella C. Van Houten Memorial Fund The Jennifer A. Chalsty Foundation

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