The Animal Kingdom Ms Choi SBI 3 ULesson

The Animal Kingdom Ms. Choi SBI 3 U(Lesson 10)

Agenda 1. Animal Kingdom! + whiteboard learning check activities. 2. Dichotomous Key “Who am I? ” Activity 3. Extra time: Homework take-up (or tomorrow) 2

By the end of this lesson you should be able to… ✗ ✗ Distinguish characteristics of animals within the Animal Kingdom Classify chordates into different Classes of Animalia Use and apply a dichotomous key properly Understand specific vocabulary relating to animal morphology for classification into phyla 3

Classifying Features? c i t o y r a k Eu Which DOMAIN does Animalia belong to? EUKARYA Mult icellu lar

Kingdom Classifying Features Cell Walls No cell walls! 5

Kingdom Classifying Features Mode of Nutrition ✗ Heterotrophic Mode of Reproduction ✗ Sexual Reproduction 6

POPCORN: Name some animals in the kingdom!

How about these organisms?

Think. Pair. Share Classifying organisms using MORPHOLOGY ✗ What are some anatomical characteristics we can use to classify organisms into different phyla within the kingdom? 9

Characteristics for Classifying Animals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Presence of a backbone** Levels of Organization Number of Body Layers Symmetry and Body Plans Body Cavity Segmentation Movement Reproduction 10

1) Presence of a Backbone Invertebrates These are animals that do not have a backbone – all phyla except chordates are in this category. Vertebrates These animals have an internal skeleton and a backbone – there is one phylum with this characteristic (Chordata) 11

Learning check: How many of the following animals are invertebrates? 12

2) Level of Organization All animals have cells that are organized into TISSUES except…. SPONGES! 13

3) Number of body layers All animals except SPONGES and CNIDARI have THREE LAYERS of cells: ✗ ✗ ✗ ECTOderm – SKIN, nerve tissue and sense organs MESOderm – MUSCLES, blood, kidneys and reproductive organs ENDOderm - DIGESTION and RESPIRATION organs 14

3) Number of body layers 15

4) Symmetry and Body Plans ✗ ✗ ✗ ASYMMETRY – cannot divide into symmetrical halves! RADIAL SYMMETRY –more than one possible bisection BILATERAL SYMMETRY - only one possible bisection 16

Learning check: ✗ Does a LADY BUG have: A. Asymmetry B. Radial symmetry C. Bilateral symmetry D. None of the above 17

Learning check: ✗ Does a JELLYFISH have: A. Asymmetry B. Radial symmetry C. Bilateral symmetry D. None of the above 18

Learning check: ✗ Does a CORAL have: A. Asymmetry B. Radial symmetry C. Bilateral symmetry D. None of the above 19

5) Body Cavity ✗ ✗ ✗ Digestive tracts and organs can be suspended in a fluidfilled body cavity called the COELOM Coelomates: worms, molluscs, insects, vertebrates Acoelomates: corals, jellyfish, flatworms Uses? Think of a balloon! 20

5) Body Cavity ✗ ✗ ✗ Digestive tracts and organs can be suspended in a fluidfilled body cavity called the COELOM Coelomates: worms, molluscs, insects, vertebrates Acoelomates: corals, jellyfish, flatworms 21

6) Segmentation ✗ ✗ ✗ Division of the body into repetitive sections/segments! What are some examples? THINK: Why might this be important? 22

6) Segmentation ✗ ✗ ✗ Division of the body into repetitive sections/segments! What are some examples? THINK: Why might this be important? ✗ Complex movement and survival advantages 23

Learning Check Which of the following animals are segmented? A. Cheetah B. Earthworm C. Shrimp D. Lizard 24

7) Movement ✗ ✗ MOTILE: most animals SESSILE (stationary): some, i. e. adult sponges 25

8) Reproduction MOST: Sexual reproduction: GAMETIC reproduction ✗ Zygote (sperm + egg cell) can be produced via EXTERNAL or INTERNAL fertilization ✗ Examples? Some animals can also reproduce asexually (aphids parthenogenesis) 26

Which of the following organisms use external fertilization? 1. 2. 3. 4. Fox Duck Fish Human 27

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There are 38 recognized animal phyla within the scientific community We are going to learn about five of them: 1. Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) 2. Phylum Annelida (annelids) 3. Phylum Mollusca (molluscs) 4. Phylum Arthropoda (arthropods) 5. Phylum Chordata (chordates)

Animals in PHYLUM CHORDATA ALL chordates have a NOTOCHORD : rod-shaped structure that extends the length of the body, used for the attachment of movement muscles. MOST chordates are vertebrates (notochord becomes spine)

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What is the taxon after “phylum”?

To classify the vertebrates into CLASSES scientists ask 4 questions about MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES How does the animal breathe? How does the animal reproduce? What body covering does the animal have? How does the animal control its body temperature?

To help us understand how to classify vertebrates, we will look at the following examples and ask the 4 key questions Swan - Bird Snake - Reptile Trout - Fish Frog - Amphibian Dog - Mammal

What body covering does the animal have? Snake Reptile Trout Fish Frog Amphibian Scales (dry) (wet) Smooth Skin Swan Bird Feathers Dog Mammal Hair or fur

How does the animal breathe? Snake Reptile Lungs Trout Fish Gills Frog Amphibian Lungs and gills Swan Bird Lungs Dog Mammal Lungs

How does the animal reproduce? Snake Reptile Trout Fish Frog Amphibian Swan Bird Lays eggs with a soft shell on land Lays eggs with no shell in water Lays eggs with a hard shell on land Gives birth to live young and feed their young with milk Dog Mammal Egg develops inside mother

Reptile eggs Mammal offspring Fish eggs Bird eggs Amphibian eggs

How does the animal control its body temperature? 1) Animals can rely on the external environment to warm up or cool down 2) Animals DO NOT rely on the external environment and they can warm up or cool down their bodies independent of the environment

(ECTOTHERM) (ENDOTHERM)

Think: Why might it be important to regulate temperature? Think about humans! 42

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THINK. PAIR. SHARE. Would ENDOTHERMS OR ECTOTHERMS have a higher metabolic rate? Why? Endotherms they have to burn fuel (food) to maintain their internal body temperature! 44

How does the animal control its body temperature? Snake Reptile Trout Fish Frog Amphibian Cold blooded – Warm blooded – ectotherm endotherm Swan Bird Dog Mammal Crash course https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=kg. ZRZm. Ec 9 j 4

WHO AM I? Activity ✗ ✗ Determine what class of vertebrates you are! Read the instructions! How? Use DICHOTOMOUS KEY QUESTIONS: ✗ Must ask YES or NO questions ✗ Ask only ONE question to every peer you meet (must walk around the class) ✗ 1) First determine CLASS, then 2) ORGANISM. Once you have made your guess, add your sticker onto the board under the correct class! 46

Let’s do a run through!

Parrot Peacock Catfish Cow Crocodile Dove Snake Chicken Pig Goldfish Spotted Salamander Panda Newt Frog Toad Eel Turtle Chameleon (can change colours) Salmon Giraffe Zebra 48