The Animal Kingdom Introduction to the Animal Kingdom

Introduction to the Animal Kingdom ©Holt D © 1994, Lavia © 2003 Tan &

Synapomorphies that define the major clades of the Animal Kingdom A- Development from a

Synapomorphies that define the major clades of the Animal Kingdom What is a synapomorphy?

Synapomorphies that define the major clades of the Animal Kingdom TRACE CHARACTER… A- Development

Synapomorphies that define the major clades of the Animal Kingdom TRACE CHARACTER… B- Determinant

Synapomorphies that define the major clades of the Animal Kingdom TRACE CHARACTER… C- Radial

Grades of Animal Groups • Cell Grade • Choanozoa • Tissue Grade • Parazoa

THE ANIMAL KINGDOM 1. The Animal Clade 2. The Unicellular Animals 3. The Multicellular

Choanozoa CHOANOFLAGELLATES Single-celled, colonial, eukaryotes

The Bilateria • Protostomata – Most animals • Deuterostomata – Only a few taxa,

Examples of Protostomes • Platyhelminthes

Examples of Deuterostomes • Echinodermata

Major Events in the Evolution of the Animals Lemons and Mc. Ginnis. 2006. Genomic

Major Events in the Evolution of the Animals • Origin of animals following the

Major Events in the Evolution of the Animals • Cambrian Explosion • Rise in

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The Animal Kingdom

Synapomorphies that define the major clades of the Animal Kingdom A- Development from a blastula B- Determinant development with well -developed tissue layers C- Radial symmetry D- Bilateral Symmetry E- Blastopore becomes mouth F- Blastopore becomes anus D

Synapomorphies that define the major clades of the Animal Kingdom What is a synapomorphy? synapomorphy Organisms share derived (apomorphic) character states… Provides evidence of evolutionary relationships between taxa D

Synapomorphies that define the major clades of the Animal Kingdom TRACE CHARACTER… A- Development from a blastula D

Synapomorphies that define the major clades of the Animal Kingdom TRACE CHARACTER… B- Determinant development with well -developed tissue layers D

Synapomorphies that define the major clades of the Animal Kingdom TRACE CHARACTER… C- Radial symmetry D- Bilateral Symmetry D

General Animal Life Cycle

Grades of Animal Groups • Cell Grade • Choanozoa • Tissue Grade • Parazoa • Organ Grade • Radiata • Bilateria

THE ANIMAL KINGDOM 1. The Animal Clade 2. The Unicellular Animals 3. The Multicellular Animals 4. The Tissue-Level Grade 5. The Organ-Level Grade 6. The Radiate Animals 7. The Bilaterians 8. The Nephrozoans 9. The Deuterostomes 10. The Protostomes 11. The Ecdysozoans 12. The Spiralians

Choanozoa CHOANOFLAGELLATES Single-celled, colonial, eukaryotes

Parazoa

Radiata

The Bilateria • Protostomata – Most animals • Deuterostomata – Only a few taxa, including the Craniates and Echinoderms

Examples of Protostomes • Nematoda

Examples of Protostomes • Arthropoda

Examples of Protostomes • Mollusca

Examples of Protostomes • Platyhelminthes

Examples of Protostomes • Syndermata

Examples of Deuterostomes • Echinodermata

Major Events in the Evolution of the Animals Lemons and Mc. Ginnis. 2006. Genomic Evolution of Hox Gene Clusters. Science. 313 (5795): 1918 -1922

Major Events in the Evolution of the Animals • Origin of animals following the period of Snowball Earth • The Ediacaran Fauna

Major Events in the Evolution of the Animals • Cambrian Explosion • Rise in oxygen and ozone • Rise in calcium • Appearance of Hox genes • Eyes • Predator-prey arms race • Increase in size