THE ANIMAL KINGDOM BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS 1

THE ANIMAL KINGDOM BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS: 1. MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS 2. CAPABILITY OF LOCOMOTION 3. MUST INJEST FOOD NINE ANIMAL PHYLA INVERTEBRATES: (8 PHYLA) ALL LACK INTERNAL SKELETON, SOME HAVE EXOSKELTON OR SHELL VERTEBRATES (CORDATES): (1 phylum) INTERNAL SKELETON MADE OF BONE/ CARTILAGE

1. PORIFERA: SIMPLEST ANIMALS NO TISSUE LAYERS EXAMPLES: SPONGES

2. CNIDARIA HOLLOW BODY HAVE STINGING CELLS TWO BODY FORMS MEDUSA & POLYP EXAMPLES: CORAL, JELLYFISH, SEA ANEMONE

3. PLATYHELMINTHES: EXAMPLES: PLANARIA, FLUKE, TAPEWORM UNSEGMENTED WORMS FLAT WORMS

4. NEMATODA UNSEGMENTED WORMS ROUND WORMS EXAMPLES: HOOKWORMS, HEARTWORMS

5. ANNELIDA SEGMENTED WORMS MOST ADVANCED WORMS EXAMPLES: LEECH, EARTHWORMS

6. ARTHROPODA SEGMENTED ANIMALS EXOSKELETONS MADE OF CHITIN CLASS CRUSTACEAN - MARINE ORGANISMS EXAMPLES: SHRIMP, LOBSTER, CRAB, BARNACLE

7. MOLLUSCA SOME HAVE SHELL UNSEGMENTED, SOFT BODIES EXAMPLES: SNAIL, SCALLOP

8. ECHINODERMATA HAVE A DERMAL SKELETON WITH SPINES & PLATES ONLY LIVE IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT EXAMPLES: SEA URCHIN, SEASTAR, BRITTLE STAR

9. CHORDATA EXAMPLES: FISH, REPTILES, BIRDS, AMPHIBIANS, MAMMALS HAVE INTERNAL SKELETON BACKBONE TO PROTECT SPINAL CORD

Features 1. Defining Characteristics • What makes that phylum special? 2. Symmetry • Bilateral, radial, or none 3. Level of complexity • Based on the Hierarchy of Biological Order 4. Brain • Brain or neural systems possessed by the phyla

Features 5. Circulatory System • How does “stuff” move around the body? 6. Diet / Digestive • How does it eat and digest food? 7. Respiration • Does it breathe? 6. Movement • Does it have feet? A tail? Is it stationary?

Porifera • Defining characteristics: • Porous, aquatic, basic creatures • Symmetry: • Usually none • Complexity • No tissues – collections of cells • Brain • None.

Porifera • Circulatory • None. • Diet • Filter feeder • Takes bits of nutrition from the water it absorbs • Respiration • No major system. Gaseous exchange through cell membranes. • Movement • Mostly stationary, or reliant on water

Examples

Cnidaria • Defining characteristics: • Aquatic creatures with stinging cells and two body types (medusa and polyp) • Symmetry: • Radial • Complexity • Two simple tissue layers • Brain • Nervous system that controls basic movement and digestion

Cnidaria • Circulatory • Open system • Fluid is left to swirl around the innards • Diet • Predator • Eats and excretes through the same center opening • Most basic creature with a digestive gut • Respiration • Internal cavity also used for gas exchange • Movement • Use tentacle waves to move

Examples

Echinodermata and Mollusca

Arthropoda • Defining characteristics: • Exoskeleton, jointed limbs, segmented bodies • Largest Phylum by diversity • Symmetry: • Bilateral • Complexity • Segmented bodies with organ systems • Brain • Full brains with nerve cords

Arthropoda • Circulatory • Open system • Fluid is left to swirl around the innards • Diet • Predator • Full digestive system • Respiration • “Book lungs” or gills • Movement • Have jointed appendages for movement

Examples

Annelida • Defining characteristics: • Fully segmented body • Means that every segment is (nearly) identical to the one before or after • Symmetry: • Bilateral / Segments • Complexity • Segmented bodies with organ systems • Brain • Small “control centers” with nerves

Annelida • Circulatory • Blood vessels with (occasionally) multiple hearts • Diet • Omnivores or detritivores • Respiration • Gills or breathe through skin • Movement • Some have feet, others extend and contract their body/muscles

Examples

Chordates • Pick a subphyla: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Write three sentences about what sets your subphyla apart from the others. What is special about yours? Is it more or less advanced than the others?

Platyhelminthes • Defining characteristics: • Mostly flattened, with no body cavity, and are usually parasitic • Symmetry: • Bilateral • Complexity • Very basic organ systems • Brain • No “brain” but a nerve cord that branches throughout the body

Platyhelminthes • Circulatory • None • Diet • Predators that eat smaller organisms • Mouth is used for eating and excreting • Respiration • No respiratory system. • Movement achieved by wiggling their body in aquatic environments

Examples

Nematoda • Defining characteristics: • 2 nd most diverse by species • Worm like, with a full body cavity and full digestive system • Symmetry: • Bilateral • Complexity • Organ systems • Brain • Circular ring of nerves for brain

Nematoda • Circulatory • None – Transfer by diffusion • Diet • Most basic phylum with a full digestive system • Respiration • “Breathes” through skin • Movement achieved by wiggling their body in aquatic environments

Examples